Whereas the population is expected to decrease somewhat until 2100 in Asia, Europe, and South America, it is predicted to grow significantly in Africa. While there were 1.5 billion inhabitants on the continent at the beginning of 2024, the number of inhabitants is expected to reach 3.8 billion by 2100. In total, the global population is expected to reach nearly 10.4 billion by 2100. Worldwide population In the United States, the total population is expected to steadily increase over the next couple of years. In 2024, Asia held over half of the global population and is expected to have the highest number of people living in urban areas in 2050. Asia is home to the two most populous countries, India and China, both with a population of over one billion people. However, the small country of Monaco had the highest population density worldwide in 2021. Effects of overpopulation Alongside the growing worldwide population, there are negative effects of overpopulation. The increasing population puts a higher pressure on existing resources and contributes to pollution. As the population grows, the demand for food grows, which requires more water, which in turn takes away from the freshwater available. Concurrently, food needs to be transported through different mechanisms, which contributes to air pollution. Not every resource is renewable, meaning the world is using up limited resources that will eventually run out. Furthermore, more species will become extinct which harms the ecosystem and food chain. Overpopulation was considered to be one of the most important environmental issues worldwide in 2020.

Before 2025, the world's total population is expected to reach eight billion. Furthermore, it is predicted to reach over 10 billion in 2060, before slowing again as global birth rates are expected to decrease. Moreover, it is still unclear to what extent global warming will have an impact on population development. A high share of the population increase is expected to happen on the African continent.

Population growth (annual %) in World was reported at 0.89981 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. World - Population growth (annual %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Historical chart and dataset showing total population for the world by year from 1950 to 2025.

Ethiopia ET: Population: Female: Ages 20-24: % of Female Population data was reported at 9.933 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.779 % for 2016. Ethiopia ET: Population: Female: Ages 20-24: % of Female Population data is updated yearly, averaging 8.636 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.933 % in 2017 and a record low of 8.057 % in 1986. Ethiopia ET: Population: Female: Ages 20-24: % of Female Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Female population between the ages 20 to 24 as a percentage of the total female population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; ;

This dataset provides comprehensive global population dynamics data, spanning from 1950 to 2100. It includes historical estimates and medium-scenario projections from the United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 edition. Covering 237 countries or areas, this dataset offers researchers, policymakers, and data enthusiasts a valuable resource for analyzing long-term demographic trends and their potential impacts across a 150-year period.

Key features of this dataset include:

• Annual birth and death figures for each country/area
• Historical estimates from 1950 to 2024
• Medium-scenario projections from 2024 to 2100
• Data for both sexes combined and all age groups
• Consistent methodology across countries for comparability

This dataset is ideal for:

• Long-term demographic trend analysis and forecasting
• Historical population studies and future projections
• Policy planning for healthcare, education, and social services
• Economic growth and labor force projections over extended periods
• Environmental impact studies related to population changes
• Academic research in social sciences, public health, and historical demography

Whether you're a data scientist, historian, policymaker, or social researcher, this dataset offers a wealth of information to explore and analyze global population dynamics across a century and a half.

Germany DE: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 65 and Above data was reported at 20.422 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.080 % for 2022. Germany DE: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 65 and Above data is updated yearly, averaging 11.680 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.422 % in 2023 and a record low of 9.905 % in 1960. Germany DE: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 65 and Above data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population 65 years of age or older as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Weighted average;

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) in World was reported at 16.08 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. World - Population in the largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Until 2100, the world's population is expected to be ageing. Whereas people over 60 years made up less than 13 percent of the world's population in 2024, this share is estimated to reach 28.8 percent in 2100. On the other hand, the share of people between zero and 14 years was expected to decrease by almost ten percentage points over the same period.

Bermuda BM: Population: Growth data was reported at -0.079 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.156 % for 2022. Bermuda BM: Population: Growth data is updated yearly, averaging 0.481 % from Dec 1961 (Median) to 2023, with 63 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.555 % in 1962 and a record low of -0.137 % in 2012. Bermuda BM: Population: Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bermuda – Table BM.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.;Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision; (2) Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices; (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics; (4) United Nations Statistics Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years).;Weighted average;

Population, female (% of total population) in World was reported at 49.71 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. World - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Population ages 15-64 (% of total population) in World was reported at 64.97 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. World - Population ages 15-64 (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Germany DE: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data was reported at 65.106 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 65.448 % for 2022. Germany DE: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data is updated yearly, averaging 67.760 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72.835 % in 1987 and a record low of 63.832 % in 1970. Germany DE: Population: as % of Total: Male: Aged 15-64 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total male population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Weighted average;

Projections estimate that the population in Italy will decrease in the following years. In January 2025, the Italian population added up to 59 million people, but in 2030 Italians will be 58 million individuals. Twenty years later, the population will be around 52 million people. Low birth rate and old population The birth rate in Italy has constantly dropped in the last years. In 2023, 6.4 children were born per 1,000 inhabitants, three babies less than in 2002. Nationwide, the highest number of births was registered in the southern regions, whereas central Italy had the lowest number of children born every 1,000 people. More specifically, the birth rate in the south stood at 7 infants, while in the center it was equal to 5.9 births. Consequently, the population in Italy has aged over the last decade. Between 2002 and 2024, the age distribution of the Italian population showed a growing share of people aged 65 years and older. As a result, the share of young people decreased. The European exception Similarly, the population in Europe is estimated to decrease in the coming years. In 2024, there were 740 million people living in Europe. In 2100, the figure is expected to drop to 586 million inhabitants. However, projections of the world population suggest that Europe might be the only continent experiencing a population decrease. For instance, the population in Africa could grow from 1.41 billion people in 2022 to 3.92 billion individuals in 2100, the fastest population growth worldwide.

The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, and reach eight billion in 2023, and will peak at almost 11 billion by the end of the century. Although it took thousands of years to reach one billion people, it did so at the beginning of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition; from this point onwards, population growth has skyrocketed, and since the 1960s the population has increased by one billion people every 12 to 15 years. The demographic transition sees a sharp drop in mortality due to factors such as vaccination, sanitation, and improved food supply; the population boom that follows is due to increased survival rates among children and higher life expectancy among the general population; and fertility then drops in response to this population growth. Regional differences The demographic transition is a global phenomenon, but it has taken place at different times across the world. The industrialized countries of Europe and North America were the first to go through this process, followed by some states in the Western Pacific. Latin America's population then began growing at the turn of the 20th century, but the most significant period of global population growth occurred as Asia progressed in the late-1900s. As of the early 21st century, almost two thirds of the world's population live in Asia, although this is set to change significantly in the coming decades. Future growth The growth of Africa's population, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, will have the largest impact on global demographics in this century. From 2000 to 2100, it is expected that Africa's population will have increased by a factor of almost five. It overtook Europe in size in the late 1990s, and overtook the Americas a decade later. In contrast to Africa, Europe's population is now in decline, as birth rates are consistently below death rates in many countries, especially in the south and east, resulting in natural population decline. Similarly, the population of the Americas and Asia are expected to go into decline in the second half of this century, and only Oceania's population will still be growing alongside Africa. By 2100, the world's population will have over three billion more than today, with the vast majority of this concentrated in Africa. Demographers predict that climate change is exacerbating many of the challenges that currently hinder progress in Africa, such as political and food instability; if Africa's transition is prolonged, then it may result in further population growth that would place a strain on the region's resources, however, curbing this growth earlier would alleviate some of the pressure created by climate change.

Countries used for estimates of bilateral international migration flows based on methods presented in Abel & Cohen (2019) and Abel & Cohen (2022). The countries in the list correspond to both the estimates in the Figshare collection for the total bilateral international migration flow estimates and the Figshare collection for the sex-specifc bilateral international migration flow estimates.Version DetailsThe countries in the list are for the update of estimates of international migration flows based on the most recent published UN DESA International Migrant Stock (IMS2024) and World Population Prospects (WPP2024) data inputs. Refer to the version history for previous country list files based on older versions of the IMS and WPP data.

Chad TD: Net Migration data was reported at 204,040.000 Person in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 496,830.000 Person for 2023. Chad TD: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 1,259.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2024, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 496,830.000 Person in 2023 and a record low of -210,126.000 Person in 1980. Chad TD: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chad – Table TD.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Sum;

Kosovo Population: as % of Male Population: Male: Aged 15-64: Ages 20-24 data was reported at 9.086 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.111 % for 2022. Kosovo Population: as % of Male Population: Male: Aged 15-64: Ages 20-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 9.336 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.330 % in 2008 and a record low of 7.902 % in 2000. Kosovo Population: as % of Male Population: Male: Aged 15-64: Ages 20-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kosovo – Table KS.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 20 to 24 as a percentage of the total male population.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;;

Brazil BR: Population: as % of Total: Aged 15-64 data was reported at 69.430 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 69.546 % for 2022. Brazil BR: Population: as % of Total: Aged 15-64 data is updated yearly, averaging 60.969 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 69.749 % in 2017 and a record low of 52.904 % in 1963. Brazil BR: Population: as % of Total: Aged 15-64 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Total population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Weighted average;

TD: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data was reported at 55.069 Year in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 54.528 Year for 2022. TD: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 46.686 Year from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.069 Year in 2023 and a record low of 39.216 Year in 1960. TD: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chad – Table TD.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.;(1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision; or derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (2) Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices; (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics.;Weighted average;