46 datasets found
  1. WWII: share of total population lost per country 1939-1945

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). WWII: share of total population lost per country 1939-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1351638/second-world-war-share-total-population-loss/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    It is estimated that the Second World War was responsible for the deaths of approximately 3.76 percent of the world's population between 1939 and 1945. In 2022, where the world's population reached eight billion, this would be equal to the death of around 300 million people.

    The region that experienced the largest loss of life relative to its population was the South Seas Mandate - these were former-German territories given to the Empire of Japan through the Treaty of Versailles following WWI, and they make up much of the present-day countries of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, the Northern Mariana Islands (U.S. territory), and Palau. Due to the location and strategic importance of these islands, they were used by the Japanese as launching pads for their attacks on Pearl Harbor and in the South Pacific, while they were also taken as part of the Allies' island-hopping strategy in their counteroffensive against Japan. This came at a heavy cost for the local populations, a large share of whom were Japanese settlers who had moved there in the 1920s and 1930s. Exact figures for both pre-war populations and wartime losses fluctuate by source, however civilian losses in these islands were extremely high as the Japanese defenses resorted to more extreme measures in the war's final phase.

  2. L

    Population Movement in Livonia Province (Estonia and Latvia), 1897-1914

    • lida.dataverse.lt
    application/x-gzip +1
    Updated Mar 4, 2025
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    Zenonas Norkus; Zenonas Norkus; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Vaidas Morkevičius; Vaidas Morkevičius; Giedrius Žvaliauskas; Giedrius Žvaliauskas (2025). Population Movement in Livonia Province (Estonia and Latvia), 1897-1914 [Dataset]. https://lida.dataverse.lt/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/MFAAB4
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    tsv(2514), application/x-gzip(26843)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 4, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    Lithuanian Data Archive for SSH (LiDA)
    Authors
    Zenonas Norkus; Zenonas Norkus; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Vaidas Morkevičius; Vaidas Morkevičius; Giedrius Žvaliauskas; Giedrius Žvaliauskas
    License

    https://lida.dataverse.lt/api/datasets/:persistentId/versions/5.3/customlicense?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/MFAAB4https://lida.dataverse.lt/api/datasets/:persistentId/versions/5.3/customlicense?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/MFAAB4

    Time period covered
    1897 - 1914
    Area covered
    Estonia, Latvia
    Dataset funded by
    European Social Fund, according to the activity “Improvement of researchers’ qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects“ of Measure No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712
    Description

    This dataset contains data on population movement (population, marriages, births, deaths, infant deaths (under 1 year), natural increase of population) in Estonia in Livonia Province (within the current borders of Estonia and Latvia) in 1897-1914. Dataset "Population Movement in Livonia Province (Estonia and Latvia), 1897-1914" was published implementing project "Historical Sociology of Modern Restorations: a Cross-Time Comparative Study of Post-Communist Transformation in the Baltic States" from 2018 to 2022. Project leader is prof. Zenonas Norkus. Project is funded by the European Social Fund according to the activity "Improvement of researchers' qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects' of Measure No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712".

  3. WWII: share of the male population mobilized by selected countries 1937-1945...

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). WWII: share of the male population mobilized by selected countries 1937-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1342462/wwii-share-male-mobilization-by-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    During the Second World War, the three Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Finland mobilized the largest share of their male population. For the Allies, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest share of men, as well as the largest total army of any country, but it was restricted in its ability to mobilize more due to the impact this would have on its economy. Other notable statistics come from the British Empire, where a larger share of men were drafted from Dominions than from the metropole, and there is also a discrepancy between the share of the black and white populations from South Africa.

    However, it should be noted that there were many external factors from the war that influenced these figures. For example, gender ratios among the adult populations of many European countries was already skewed due to previous conflicts of the 20th century (namely WWI and the Russian Revolution), whereas the share of the male population eligible to fight in many Asian and African countries was lower than more demographically developed societies, as high child mortality rates meant that the average age of the population was much lower.

  4. L

    Population Movement in Estonia Province (Estonia), 1897-1914

    • lida.dataverse.lt
    application/x-gzip +1
    Updated Mar 4, 2025
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    Zenonas Norkus; Zenonas Norkus; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Vaidas Morkevičius; Vaidas Morkevičius; Giedrius Žvaliauskas; Giedrius Žvaliauskas (2025). Population Movement in Estonia Province (Estonia), 1897-1914 [Dataset]. https://lida.dataverse.lt/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/10MSGF
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    tsv(2373), application/x-gzip(26380)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 4, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    Lithuanian Data Archive for SSH (LiDA)
    Authors
    Zenonas Norkus; Zenonas Norkus; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Vaidas Morkevičius; Vaidas Morkevičius; Giedrius Žvaliauskas; Giedrius Žvaliauskas
    License

    https://lida.dataverse.lt/api/datasets/:persistentId/versions/5.3/customlicense?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/10MSGFhttps://lida.dataverse.lt/api/datasets/:persistentId/versions/5.3/customlicense?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/10MSGF

    Time period covered
    1897 - 1914
    Area covered
    Estonia
    Dataset funded by
    European Social Fund, according to the activity “Improvement of researchers’ qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects“ of Measure No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712
    Description

    This dataset contains data on population movement (population, marriages, births, deaths, infant deaths (under 1 year), natural increase of population) in Estonia in Estonia Province (within the current borders Estonia) in 1897-1914. Dataset "Population Movement in Estonia Province (Estonia), 1897-1914" was published implementing project "Historical Sociology of Modern Restorations: a Cross-Time Comparative Study of Post-Communist Transformation in the Baltic States" from 2018 to 2022. Project leader is prof. Zenonas Norkus. Project is funded by the European Social Fund according to the activity "Improvement of researchers' qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects' of Measure No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712".

  5. Population of Germany 1800-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Germany 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066918/population-germany-historical/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Germany
    Description

    In 1800, the region of Germany was not a single, unified nation, but a collection of decentralized, independent states, bound together as part of the Holy Roman Empire. This empire was dissolved, however, in 1806, during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras in Europe, and the German Confederation was established in 1815. Napoleonic reforms led to the abolition of serfdom, extension of voting rights to property-owners, and an overall increase in living standards. The population grew throughout the remainder of the century, as improvements in sanitation and medicine (namely, mandatory vaccination policies) saw child mortality rates fall in later decades. As Germany industrialized and the economy grew, so too did the argument for nationhood; calls for pan-Germanism (the unification of all German-speaking lands) grew more popular among the lower classes in the mid-1800s, especially following the revolutions of 1948-49. In contrast, industrialization and poor harvests also saw high unemployment in rural regions, which led to waves of mass migration, particularly to the U.S.. In 1886, the Austro-Prussian War united northern Germany under a new Confederation, while the remaining German states (excluding Austria and Switzerland) joined following the Franco-Prussian War in 1871; this established the German Empire, under the Prussian leadership of Emperor Wilhelm I and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. 1871 to 1945 - Unification to the Second World War The first decades of unification saw Germany rise to become one of Europe's strongest and most advanced nations, and challenge other world powers on an international scale, establishing colonies in Africa and the Pacific. These endeavors were cut short, however, when the Austro-Hungarian heir apparent was assassinated in Sarajevo; Germany promised a "blank check" of support for Austria's retaliation, who subsequently declared war on Serbia and set the First World War in motion. Viewed as the strongest of the Central Powers, Germany mobilized over 11 million men throughout the war, and its army fought in all theaters. As the war progressed, both the military and civilian populations grew increasingly weakened due to malnutrition, as Germany's resources became stretched. By the war's end in 1918, Germany suffered over 2 million civilian and military deaths due to conflict, and several hundred thousand more during the accompanying influenza pandemic. Mass displacement and the restructuring of Europe's borders through the Treaty of Versailles saw the population drop by several million more.

    Reparations and economic mismanagement also financially crippled Germany and led to bitter indignation among many Germans in the interwar period; something that was exploited by Adolf Hitler on his rise to power. Reckless printing of money caused hyperinflation in 1923, when the currency became so worthless that basic items were priced at trillions of Marks; the introduction of the Rentenmark then stabilized the economy before the Great Depression of 1929 sent it back into dramatic decline. When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi government disregarded the Treaty of Versailles' restrictions and Germany rose once more to become an emerging superpower. Hitler's desire for territorial expansion into eastern Europe and the creation of an ethnically-homogenous German empire then led to the invasion of Poland in 1939, which is considered the beginning of the Second World War in Europe. Again, almost every aspect of German life contributed to the war effort, and more than 13 million men were mobilized. After six years of war, and over seven million German deaths, the Axis powers were defeated and Germany was divided into four zones administered by France, the Soviet Union, the UK, and the U.S.. Mass displacement, shifting borders, and the relocation of peoples based on ethnicity also greatly affected the population during this time. 1945 to 2020 - Partition and Reunification In the late 1940s, cold war tensions led to two distinct states emerging in Germany; the Soviet-controlled east became the communist German Democratic Republic (DDR), and the three western zones merged to form the democratic Federal Republic of Germany. Additionally, Berlin was split in a similar fashion, although its location deep inside DDR territory created series of problems and opportunities for the those on either side. Life quickly changed depending on which side of the border one lived. Within a decade, rapid economic recovery saw West Germany become western Europe's strongest economy and a key international player. In the east, living standards were much lower, although unemployment was almost non-existent; internationally, East Germany was the strongest economy in the Eastern Bloc (after the USSR), though it eventually fell behind the West by the 1970s. The restriction of movement between the two states also led to labor shortages in t...

  6. L

    Population Movement in Suwalki Province (Lithuania and Poland), 1897-1914

    • lida.dataverse.lt
    application/x-gzip +1
    Updated Mar 4, 2025
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    Zenonas Norkus; Zenonas Norkus; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Vaidas Morkevičius; Vaidas Morkevičius; Giedrius Žvaliauskas; Giedrius Žvaliauskas (2025). Population Movement in Suwalki Province (Lithuania and Poland), 1897-1914 [Dataset]. https://lida.dataverse.lt/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/3U9NCP
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    tsv(2172), application/x-gzip(26050)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 4, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    Lithuanian Data Archive for SSH (LiDA)
    Authors
    Zenonas Norkus; Zenonas Norkus; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Jurgita Markevičiūtė; Vaidas Morkevičius; Vaidas Morkevičius; Giedrius Žvaliauskas; Giedrius Žvaliauskas
    License

    https://lida.dataverse.lt/api/datasets/:persistentId/versions/5.3/customlicense?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/3U9NCPhttps://lida.dataverse.lt/api/datasets/:persistentId/versions/5.3/customlicense?persistentId=hdl:21.12137/3U9NCP

    Time period covered
    1897 - 1914
    Area covered
    Poland, Lithuania
    Dataset funded by
    European Social Fund, according to the activity “Improvement of researchers’ qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects“ of Measure No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712
    Description

    This dataset contains data on population movement (population, marriages, births, deaths, infant deaths (under 1 year), natural increase of population) in Suwalki Province (within the current borders of Lithuania and Poland) in 1897-1914. Dataset "Population Movement in Suwalki Province (Lithuania and Poland), 1897-1914" was published implementing project "Historical Sociology of Modern Restorations: a Cross-Time Comparative Study of Post-Communist Transformation in the Baltic States" from 2018 to 2022. Project leader is prof. Zenonas Norkus. Project is funded by the European Social Fund according to the activity "Improvement of researchers' qualification by implementing world-class R&D projects' of Measure No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712".

  7. H

    Deaths from all causes in Western Europe by month, 1914-1918, from Bunle, H....

    • dataverse.harvard.edu
    Updated Aug 24, 2020
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    Alexander More (2020). Deaths from all causes in Western Europe by month, 1914-1918, from Bunle, H. (1954). Le Mouvement naturel de la population dans le monde de 1906 à 1936. Paris, Institut national d’études démographiques, pp. 432-438. [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GW0DGF
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    CroissantCroissant is a format for machine-learning datasets. Learn more about this at mlcommons.org/croissant.
    Dataset updated
    Aug 24, 2020
    Dataset provided by
    Harvard Dataverse
    Authors
    Alexander More
    License

    CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Paris, Europe de l’Ouest
    Description

    Dataset title: Deaths from all causes in Western Europe by month, 1914-1918 Related publication: More, A. F. et al. (2020). The impact of a six-year climate anomaly on the ‘Spanish Flu’ Pandemic and WWI. GeoHealth, American Geophysical Union. Figures 2 and 3. Dataset source: Bunle, H. (1954). Le Mouvement naturel de la population dans le monde de 1906 à 1936. Paris, Institut national d’études démographiques, pp. 432-438. N.B. Please cite the original source if you use this dataset. N.B. Please note that Bunle did not publish mortality statistics for Belgium, Bulgaria, and several other countries for the period 1914-20 due to his inability to find reliable sources, as indicated in his footnotes and on p. 12. This dataset includes countries of western Europe with the most reliable data. Units: Thousands of deaths. Each monthly figure should be multiplied by 1000 to obtain the total deaths for a specific month. Each year is divided in 12 monthly entries, with decimals increasing by 0.083 (1/12) for each month.

  8. Number of military and civilian deaths per country in the First World War...

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Number of military and civilian deaths per country in the First World War 1914-1918 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1208625/first-world-war-fatalities-per-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    The First World War saw the mobilization of more than 65 million soldiers, and the deaths of almost 15 million soldiers and civilians combined. Approximately 8.8 million of these deaths were of military personnel, while six million civilians died as a direct result of the war; mostly through hunger, disease and genocide. The German army suffered the highest number of military losses, totaling at more than two million men. Turkey had the highest civilian death count, largely due to the mass extermination of Armenians, as well as Greeks and Assyrians. Varying estimates suggest that Russia may have suffered the highest number of military and total fatalities in the First World War. However, this is complicated by the subsequent Russian Civil War and Russia's total specific to the First World War remains unclear to this day.

    Proportional deaths In 1914, Central and Eastern Europe was largely divided between the empires of Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia, while the smaller Balkan states had only emerged in prior decades with the decline of the Ottoman Empire. For these reasons, the major powers in the east were able to mobilize millions of men from across their territories, as Britain and France did with their own overseas colonies, and were able to utilize their superior manpower to rotate and replace soldiers, whereas smaller nations did not have this luxury. For example, total military losses for Romania and Serbia are around 12 percent of Germany's total military losses; however, as a share of their total mobilized forces these countries lost roughly 33 percent of their armies, compared to Germany's 15 percent mortality rate. The average mortality rate of all deployed soldiers in the war was around 14 percent.

    Unclarity in the totals Despite ending over a century ago, the total number of deaths resulting from the First World War remains unclear. The impact of the Influenza pandemic of 1918, as well as various classifications of when or why fatalities occurred, has resulted in varying totals with differences ranging in the millions. Parallel conflicts, particularly the Russian Civil War, have also made it extremely difficult to define which conflicts the fatalities should be attributed to. Since 2012, the totals given by Hirschfeld et al in Brill's Encyclopedia of the First World War have been viewed by many in the historical community as the most reliable figures on the subject.

  9. d

    The Industrialisation of the Region of the Saar-River 1815-1914

    • da-ra.de
    • datacatalogue.cessda.eu
    Updated 2002
    + more versions
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    Ralf Banken (2002). The Industrialisation of the Region of the Saar-River 1815-1914 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.4232/1.8148
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    Dataset updated
    2002
    Dataset provided by
    GESIS Data Archive
    da|ra
    Authors
    Ralf Banken
    Time period covered
    1815 - 1914
    Area covered
    Saar
    Description

    About 1913 the Saar Region was the third-largest German montane region. After 1914 the Saar region and other industrial branches of the region lost their importance due to world-economic structural shifts and to political developments. So, in 1914 finished the development process of this region, which was until then a very stable process, starting at the end of the 18th century with the first innovations and strong growth of the single economic sectores and experiences during the 50ies of the 19th century a strong acceleration. These industrial upheavals during the hundred years between the Congress of Vienna and the First World War are the subject of the investigation. The aim is to describe the pattern of process of the industrial economic development in this region. Growth and structural change of the secondary sector are analysed, using methods of comparative economic history. Micro- as well as macroeconomic levels of regions are taking into account. Growth and structural change are recorded and described quantitatively. The acquired pattern of development is then compared with the development pattern of the other two large montan regions, the Ruhr and Upper Silesia. Because of the methodological concept of the investigation of economic small scale regions and the defined methodological assumption the following questions are of importance for the analysis:- Which industrial branches have existed in the region before 1918 and which branches have mainly carried the industrialization process of the region? - How the single industrial branches developed and which growth course they showed? - How changed the sectoral structure or the trade structure? - Which basic conditions existed in the region? - Which infrastructure was developed during the industrializationprocess? - Which interdependencies existed between the industries within the region and to what extent promoted or inhibited the external relations of the region the course of industrialization of the Saar region? The focus of the investigation are the following industries: Coal mining, the iron and steel industry, the glassworks industry, the chemical industry and other commercial and industrial sectors.„Ziel ist es, für die Branchen in der jeweiligen Periode die wesentlichen Kennzeichen herauszuarbeiten. Für beide Perioden sollen dann die verschiedenen Wachstumsverläufe der einzelnen Industriezweige und deren strukturelle Charakteristika sowie die Verflechtung zwischen den einzelnen Branchen zusammengefasst werden“ (Banken, a.a.O., S. 52). (The aim is to work out the essential features for the industry in the respecitve period. For both periods, then, the different growth patterns of the individual industries and their structural characteristics and the relationship between the various sectors are summarized). The structural aspects of the study can be summarized as follows:Production development and employment,Company and market structure,Technical development and employment,Sales ratios and economic outcomes. Data-Tables in the Download-Database HISTAT I. Population A3 Population in the Saar Region 1820-1910 A4 Population trends in the municipalities of the Saar region 1815-1914 A5 The population in the communes/local authorities of the Saar region 1815-1914 II. Coal-Mining A6 Coal production and employment in the Saar region before 1815 A7 Coal production in the Saar region 1817-1913 A8 Coal production and employment in the mining districts Ruhr, Saar andUpper Silesia 1816-1912 A9 Employment in the coal mines of the Saar region 1817-1913 A10 The development of state-Prussian coal mines in the Saar region 1815-1913 A11 The development of private Prussian coal mines in the Saar region 1815-1913 A12 The development of state-Bavarian coal mines in the Saar region 1815-1913 A13 The development of private Bavarian coal mines in the Saar region 1878-1913 A14 The development of the Lorraine coal mines 1856-1913 A15 Wages, shifts, support services and grants in the Saar coal mines 1815-1913 A16 Prices favoring the Prussian mines in the Saar region 1816-1859 A17 Economic results of the coal companies in the Saar region 1815-1914 A18 The development of the coke in the Saar region 1815-1914 A49 Conveying values, revenues and coal prices in the coal mines of the Saar region 1850-1913 A50 Markets and customers of the Saar coal mines 1850-1913 A51 The cost structure of the Prussian mines in the Saar 1850-1900 A53 The investment development of the Prussian mines in the Saar 1850-1913 A54 The markets for the Saarkoks 1868-1908 III. Iron Industry A19 The development of the Saar steel industry before 1815 A20 The development of the iron industry in the Saar region 1815-1914 A21 The development of the iron industry in the coalfields Ruhr, Saar, Moselle and Upper Silesia 1815-1914 A22 The development of iron ore mining in the Rhine Province 1815-1870 A33 Growth rates and market shares of the iron districts Saar, Ruhr, Upper Silesia and Moselle in the Germa...

  10. Population of the UK 1871-2023

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Oct 8, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of the UK 1871-2023 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/281296/uk-population/
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 8, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United Kingdom
    Description

    In 2023, the population of the United Kingdom reached 68.3 million, compared with 67.6 million in 2022. The UK population has more than doubled since 1871 when just under 31.5 million lived in the UK and has grown by around 8.2 million since the start of the twenty-first century. For most of the twentieth century, the UK population steadily increased, with two noticeable drops in population occurring during World War One (1914-1918) and in World War Two (1939-1945). Demographic trends in postwar Britain After World War Two, Britain and many other countries in the Western world experienced a 'baby boom,' with a postwar peak of 1.02 million live births in 1947. Although the number of births fell between 1948 and 1955, they increased again between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s, with more than one million people born in 1964. Since 1964, however, the UK birth rate has fallen from 18.8 births per 1,000 people to a low of just 10.2 in 2020. As a result, the UK population has gotten significantly older, with the country's median age increasing from 37.9 years in 2001 to 40.7 years in 2022. What are the most populated areas of the UK? The vast majority of people in the UK live in England, which had a population of 57.7 million people in 2023. By comparison, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland had populations of 5.44 million, 3.13 million, and 1.9 million, respectively. Within England, South East England had the largest population, at over 9.38 million, followed by the UK's vast capital city of London, at 8.8 million. London is far larger than any other UK city in terms of urban agglomeration, with just four other cities; Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Glasgow, boasting populations that exceed one million people.

  11. Population of Japan 1800-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Japan 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066956/population-japan-historical/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    In 1800, the population of Japan was just over 30 million, a figure which would grow by just two million in the first half of the 19th century. However, with the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the emperor in the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan would begin transforming from an isolated feudal island, to a modernized empire built on Western models. The Meiji period would see a rapid rise in the population of Japan, as industrialization and advancements in healthcare lead to a significant reduction in child mortality rates, while the creation overseas colonies would lead to a strong economic boom. However, this growth would slow beginning in 1937, as Japan entered a prolonged war with the Republic of China, which later grew into a major theater of the Second World War. The war was eventually brought to Japan's home front, with the escalation of Allied air raids on Japanese urban centers from 1944 onwards (Tokyo was the most-bombed city of the Second World War). By the war's end in 1945 and the subsequent occupation of the island by the Allied military, Japan had suffered over two and a half million military fatalities, and over one million civilian deaths.

    The population figures of Japan were quick to recover, as the post-war “economic miracle” would see an unprecedented expansion of the Japanese economy, and would lead to the country becoming one of the first fully industrialized nations in East Asia. As living standards rose, the population of Japan would increase from 77 million in 1945, to over 127 million by the end of the century. However, growth would begin to slow in the late 1980s, as birth rates and migration rates fell, and Japan eventually grew to have one of the oldest populations in the world. The population would peak in 2008 at just over 128 million, but has consistently fallen each year since then, as the fertility rate of the country remains below replacement level (despite government initiatives to counter this) and the country's immigrant population remains relatively stable. The population of Japan is expected to continue its decline in the coming years, and in 2020, it is estimated that approximately 126 million people inhabit the island country.

  12. Population of Latvia 1800-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Latvia 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1016235/total-population-latvia-1950-2020/
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    Aug 9, 2024
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    Statistahttp://statista.com/
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    Latvia
    Description

    In 1800, the population of Latvia was approximately 591,000, a number which would grow steadily throughout the 19th century as reforms in agrarian law and steady improvements in standards of living and production allowed for a significant expansion in population. However, the population of Latvia would peak at just under 2.5 million in 1909, before falling sharply in the First World War. As the battlefield between the German and Russian Empires, Latvia and the other Baltic states were the site of widespread combat, attacks on civilians, and scorched earth campaigns, devastating the country. Even many of those who did not lose their lives in the war were forced to evacuate under orders from the Russian Empire, leading hundreds of thousands to flea eastward. As a result, by the end of the First World War, the population of Latvia would fall to approximately 1.8 million, and would not recover to pre-war population levels until the 1980s.

    Following the end of the First World War, Latvia's population would remain largely stagnant at this level, rising slightly before falling back down in the Second World War. However, population growth would increase rapidly in the post-war years, as rapid industrialization by the Soviet Union and sharp decreases in mortality as mass immunization and vaccination would allow for the population to return to pre-World War levels by the 1980s. Latvia's population would begin to decline rapidly with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, however, as significant unemployment and economic turmoil would lead large numbers of Latvians to migrate west to the European Union in search of work, particularly so following Latvia's inclusion into the Schengen Area in 2003. As a result, in 2020, Latvia is estimated to have a population of just under 1.9 million.

  13. Population of Italy 1770-2020

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    Updated Aug 12, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Italy 1770-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1015957/total-population-italy-1770-2020/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 12, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Italy
    Description

    At the beginning of the 19th century, the area of modern-day Italy, at the time a collection of various states and kingdoms, was estimated to have a population of nineteen million, a figure which would grow steadily throughout the century, and by the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, the population would rise to just over 26 million.

    Italy’s population would see its first major disruption during the First World War, as Italy would join the Allied Forces in their fight against Austria-Hungary and Germany. In the First World War, Italy’s population would largely stagnate at 36 million, only climbing again following the end of the war in 1920. While Italy would also play a prominent role in the Second World War, as the National Fascist Party-led country would fight alongside Germany against the Allies, Italian fatalities from the war would not represent a significant percentage of Italy’s population compared to other European countries in the conflict. As a result, Italy would exit the Second World War with a population of just over 45 million.

    From this point onwards the Italian economy started to recover from the war, and eventually boomed, leading to increased employment and standards of living, which facilitated steady population growth until the mid-1980s, when falling fertility and birth rates would cause growth to largely cease. From this point onward, the Italian population would remain at just over 57 million, until the 2000s when it began growing again due to an influx of migrants, peaking in 2017 at just over 60 million people. In the late 2010s, however, the Italian population began declining again, as immigration slowed and the economy weakened. As a result, in 2020, Italy is estimated to have fallen to a population of 59 million.

  14. Population of France 1700-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of France 1700-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1009279/total-population-france-1700-2020/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    France
    Description

    During the eighteenth century, it is estimated that France's population grew by roughly fifty percent, from 19.7 million in 1700, to 29 million by 1800. In France itself, the 1700s are remembered for the end of King Louis XIV's reign in 1715, the Age of Enlightenment, and the French Revolution. During this century, the scientific and ideological advances made in France and across Europe challenged the leadership structures of the time, and questioned the relationship between monarchial, religious and political institutions and their subjects. France was arguably the most powerful nation in the world in these early years, with the second largest population in Europe (after Russia); however, this century was defined by a number of costly, large-scale conflicts across Europe and in the new North American theater, which saw the loss of most overseas territories (particularly in North America) and almost bankrupted the French crown. A combination of regressive taxation, food shortages and enlightenment ideologies ultimately culminated in the French Revolution in 1789, which brought an end to the Ancien Régime, and set in motion a period of self-actualization.

    War and peace

    After a volatile and tumultuous decade, in which tens of thousands were executed by the state (most infamously: guillotined), relative stability was restored within France as Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, and the policies of the revolution became enforced. Beyond France's borders, the country was involved in a series of large scale wars for two almost decades, and the First French Empire eventually covered half of Europe by 1812. In 1815, Napoleon was defeated outright, the empire was dissolved, and the monarchy was restored to France; nonetheless, a large number of revolutionary and Napoleonic reforms remained in effect afterwards, and the ideas had a long-term impact across the globe. France experienced a century of comparative peace in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars; there were some notable uprisings and conflicts, and the monarchy was abolished yet again, but nothing on the scale of what had preceded or what was to follow. A new overseas colonial empire was also established in the late 1800s, particularly across Africa and Southeast Asia. Through most of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, France had the second largest population in Europe (after Russia), however political instability and the economic prioritization of Paris meant that the entire country did not urbanize or industrialize at the same rate as the other European powers. Because of this, Germany and Britain entered the twentieth century with larger populations, and other regions, such as Austria or Belgium, had overtaken France in terms of industrialization; the German annexation of Alsace-Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War was also a major contributor to this.

    World Wars and contemporary France

    Coming into the 1900s, France had a population of approximately forty million people (officially 38 million* due to to territorial changes), and there was relatively little growth in the first half of the century. France was comparatively unprepared for a large scale war, however it became one of the most active theaters of the First World War when Germany invaded via Belgium in 1914, with the ability to mobilize over eight million men. By the war's end in 1918, France had lost almost 1.4 million in the conflict, and approximately 300,000 in the Spanish Flu pandemic that followed. Germany invaded France again during the Second World War, and occupied the country from 1940, until the Allied counter-invasion liberated the country during the summer of 1944. France lost around 600,000 people in the course of the war, over half of which were civilians. Following the war's end, the country experienced a baby boom, and the population grew by approximately twenty million people in the next fifty years (compared to just one million in the previous fifty years). Since the 1950s, France's economy quickly grew to be one of the strongest in the world, despite losing the vast majority of its overseas colonial empire by the 1970s. A wave of migration, especially from these former colonies, has greatly contributed to the growth and diversity of France's population today, which stands at over 65 million people in 2020.

  15. Population of Austria 1800-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Austria 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1008043/population-austria-1910-2020/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Austria
    Description

    From 1273 until 1918, Austria was the seat of power of the House of Habsburg; one of Europe's most powerful and influential royal families of the past millennium. During this time and in the subsequent century since the Austro-Hungarian Empire's dissolution, the borders and demography of the Austrian state have changed dramatically, with the population growing from approximately three million people in 1800 to just over nine million in 2020. The area of modern Austria's population rose gradually throughout the nineteenth century, until the early 1900s, where it then dropped and fluctuated during the World Wars, before rising again until recent years.

    End of an empire

    The assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, caused Austria to declare war on Serbia, which marked the outbreak of the First World War. The war (and subsequent Spanish Flu pandemic) would see the deaths of more than 1.2 million people from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the area of modern Austria's population dropped by almost 400,000 people between 1916 and 1920. In the years preceding the First World War, Slavic nationalism and tensions between various ethnicities in the empire had escalated to a new level; following the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918, new states such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were created for corresponding ethnic groups, while Austrian and Hungarian states were created for ethnic Germans and Magyars respectively (Austria still uses this border today). The Treaty of Versailles had forbidden Austria from joining Germany, however in 1938, German Chancellor Adolf Hitler (who was born in Austria) united the two nations as part of the German Third Reich, with overwhelming support by the people of Austria. In the next few years, Austria's population decreased slightly, as a result of the forced relocation of Jews and the outbreak of the Second World War. Due to the Austria-German union, separate records were not kept for Austrian and German deaths during the war, however most estimates put Austria's total at over 350,000 fatalities.

    Post-war Austria

    Following Germany's defeat, Austria was split into four separately administered sections, and then the Second Austrian Republic was established in 1955, declaring its permanent neutrality in foreign affairs. In the period after this Austria has enjoyed a period of continued prosperity with a high standard of living and reasonable economic growth. Population growth stagnated in the 80's with the legalization of abortion and improved access to contraception, but has grown steadily in the past three decades. Austria is consistently ranked among the top 20 richest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita, and in 2018 it was ranked 20th in the world by the Human Development Index.

  16. Population of Belgium 1800-2020

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    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Belgium 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1008201/total-population-belgium-1816-2020/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Belgium
    Description

    The state of Belgium owes its name to Julius Caesar, who used the name "Belgium" to refer to the region in his narrative "The Gallic Wars". After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region emerged as a cosmopolitan trading center, and was a collection of smaller duchies and states (such as Flanders and Brabant), before modern history saw control of the region pass between France, the Netherlands and (to a lesser extent) Spain. Modern day Belgium emerged in 1830 following the Belgian Revolution when it gained independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Throughout this time, the Belgian region was the setting of many conflicts between other European powers, which greatly affected the population development and demography of the area. From 1800 until the First world War, the population of Belgium grew steadily, and more than doubled in the nineteenth century. The World Wars Population growth stagnated in the 1910s, as a result of World War I and the Spanish Flu epidemic. Belgium was one of the focal points of military action in the war, and many military personnel from other nations also lost their lives here during the conflict. Much of the Second World War also took place in Belgium, and although it remained neutral at the outbreak of both wars, it was invaded twice by Germany due to its strategic importance. Belgium suffered an estimated 88,000 fatalities during the war; with many further military fatalities from other nations also perishing in the region. Continuous growth From 1950 onwards, Belgium's population grows at a relatively consistent rate, to more than ten million people the year 2000. Since the turn of the millennium, a positive net migration rate and higher life expectancy has meant that Belgium's population has grown even faster rate than in the twentieth century. Today, Belgium has a very high standard of living, and the capital city of Brussels is home to the headquarters of many international institutions, particularly the European Union.

  17. Population of the Baltic states 1922-1935

    • statista.com
    Updated Jul 9, 2019
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    Statista (2019). Population of the Baltic states 1922-1935 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1008643/total-population-baltics-1922-1935/
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 9, 2019
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
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    Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia
    Description

    This graph shows the total population of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the years between 1922 and 1935, as well as the total number of males and females. After the First World War the Baltic states began claiming their independence from tsarist Russia, as the events of the Russian Revolution took place. Inter-war Estonia The Estonian War of Independence from 1918 to 1920 led to the country's first period of independence, until it became occupied by the Soviet Union again in 1940 during the Second World War. After Estonia gained independence the country experienced a period of political turmoil, including a failed coup d'etat in 1924, and was hit hard by the Great Depression in 1929 before things became more stable in the mid 1930s. Between 1939 and 1945 Estonia's population was devastated by the Second World War, with some estimates claiming that as many as 7.3 percent of all civilians perished as a result of the conflict. From the graph we can see the population grew by 119 thousand people during the 12 years shown, growing from 1.107 million to 1.126 million. The number of women was also higher than the number of men during this time, by 67 thousand in 1922 and 68 thousand in 1934. Inter-war Latvia For Latvia, Independence was a hard-won struggle that had devastated the population in the late 1910s. Similarly to Estonia, the advent of independence brought many challenges to Latvia, and a period of political and economic turmoil followed, which was exacerbated by the Great Depression in 1929. After economic recovery began in 1933, and a coup d'etat established stricter control in 1934, the Latvian economy and political landscape became more stable and the quality of life improved. This lasted until the Second World War, where Latvia became one of the staging grounds of Germany's war against Soviet Russia, and approximately 12.5 percent of all civilians died. From the data we can see that Latvia's population between 1925 and 1935 grew steadily by 95,000 in this decade, with the number of men and women growing at a similar rate. Inter-war Lithuania Lithuania's experience in the interwar period was slightly different to that of Latvia and Estonia. The end of the First World War led to a growing movement for independence from German, Russian or Polish influence, however these countries were reluctant to cede control to one another, and independence was finally achieved in 1922. A right wing dictatorship was established in 1926, which maintained political and civil control until the outbreak of the Second World War, however interference from other nations, particularly Germany, was ever-present in Lithuanian economic activity. From the graph we have only one set of figures, showing that the Lithuanian population was just over 2 million in 1929, with approximately 5 percent more women than men. World War II again devastated Lithuania's population, with almost 14.4 percent of the entire population falling during the conflict.

  18. Population of Greece 1800 -2020

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    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Greece 1800 -2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1014317/total-population-greece-1821-2020/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Greece
    Description

    Prior to 1829, the area of modern day Greece was largely under the control of the Ottoman Empire. In 1821, the Greeks declared their independence from the Ottomans, and achieved it within 8 years through the Greek War of Independence. The Independent Kingdom of Greece was established in 1829 and made up the southern half of present-day, mainland Greece, along with some Mediterranean islands. Over the next century, Greece's borders would expand and readjust drastically, through a number of conflicts and diplomatic agreements; therefore the population of Greece within those political borders** was much lower than the population in what would be today's borders. As there were large communities of ethnic Greeks living in neighboring countries during this time, particularly in Turkey, and the data presented here does not show the full extent of the First World War, Spanish Flu Pandemic and Greko-Turkish War on these Greek populations. While it is difficult to separate the fatalities from each of these events, it is estimated that between 500,000 and 900,000 ethnic Greeks died at the hands of the Ottomans between the years 1914 and 1923, and approximately 150,000 died due to the 1918 flu pandemic. These years also saw the exchange of up to one million Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece, and several hundred thousand Muslims from Greece to Turkey; this exchange is one reason why Greece's total population did not change drastically, despite the genocide, displacement and demographic upheaval of the 1910s and 1920s. Greece in WWII A new Hellenic Republic was established in 1924, which saw a decade of peace and modernization in Greece, however this was short lived. The Greek monarchy was reintroduced in 1935, and the prime minister, Ioannis Metaxas, headed a totalitarian government that remained in place until the Second World War. Metaxas tried to maintain Greek neutrality as the war began, however Italy's invasion of the Balkans made this impossible, and the Italian army tried invading Greece via Albania in 1940. The outnumbered and lesser-equipped Greek forces were able to hold off the Italian invasion and then push them backwards into Albania, marking the first Allied victory in the war. Following a series of Italian failures, Greece was eventually overrun when Hitler launched a German and Bulgarian invasion in April 1941, taking Athens within three weeks. Germany's involvement in Greece meant that Hitler's planned invasion of the Soviet Union was delayed, and Hitler cited this as the reason for it's failure (although most historians disagree with this). Over the course of the war approximately eight to eleven percent of the Greek population died due to fighting, extermination, starvation and disease; including over eighty percent of Greece's Jewish population in the Holocaust. Following the liberation of Greece in 1944, the country was then plunged into a civil war (the first major conflict of the Cold War), which lasted until 1949, and saw the British and American-supported government fight with Greek communists for control of the country. The government eventually defeated the Soviet-supported communist forces, and established American influence in the Aegean and Balkans throughout the Cold War. Post-war Greece From the 1950s until the 1970s, the Marshall Plan, industrialization and an emerging Tourism sector helped the Greek economy to boom, with one of the strongest growth rates in the world. Apart from the military coup, which ruled from 1967 to 1974, Greece remained relatively peaceful, prosperous and stable throughout the second half of the twentieth century. The population reached 11.2 million in the early 2000s, before going into decline for the past fifteen years. This decline came about due to a negative net migration rate and slowing birth rate, ultimately facilitated by the global financial crisis of 2007 and 2008; many Greeks left the country in search of work elsewhere, and the economic troubles have impacted the financial incentives that were previously available for families with many children. While the financial crisis was a global event, Greece was arguably the hardest-hit nation during the crisis, and suffered the longest recession of any advanced economy. The financial crisis has had a consequential impact on the Greek population, which has dropped by 800,000 in 15 years, and the average age has increased significantly, as thousands of young people migrate in search of employment.

  19. Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Apr 4, 2022
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    Statista (2022). Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293510/second-world-war-fatalities-per-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 4, 2022
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    Estimates for the total death count of the Second World War generally range somewhere between 70 and 85 million people. The Soviet Union suffered the highest number of fatalities of any single nation, with estimates mostly falling between 22 and 27 million deaths. China then suffered the second greatest, at around 20 million, although these figures are less certain and often overlap with the Chinese Civil War. Over 80 percent of all deaths were of those from Allied countries, and the majority of these were civilians. In contrast, 15 to 20 percent were among the Axis powers, and the majority of these were military deaths, as shown in the death ratios of Germany and Japan. Civilian deaths and atrocities It is believed that 60 to 67 percent of all deaths were civilian fatalities, largely resulting from war-related famine or disease, and war crimes or atrocities. Systematic genocide, extermination campaigns, and forced labor, particularly by the Germans, Japanese, and Soviets, led to the deaths of millions. In this regard, Nazi activities alone resulted in 17 million deaths, including six million Jews in what is now known as The Holocaust. Not only was the scale of the conflict larger than any that had come before, but the nature of and reasoning behind this loss make the Second World War stand out as one of the most devastating and cruelest conflicts in history. Problems with these statistics Although the war is considered by many to be the defining event of the 20th century, exact figures for death tolls have proven impossible to determine, for a variety of reasons. Countries such as the U.S. have fairly consistent estimates due to preserved military records and comparatively few civilian casualties, although figures still vary by source. For most of Europe, records are less accurate. Border fluctuations and the upheaval of the interwar period mean that pre-war records were already poor or non-existent for many regions. The rapid and chaotic nature of the war then meant that deaths could not be accurately recorded at the time, and mass displacement or forced relocation resulted in the deaths of many civilians outside of their homeland, which makes country-specific figures more difficult to find. Early estimates of the war’s fatalities were also taken at face value and formed the basis of many historical works; these were often very inaccurate, but the validity of the source means that the figures continue to be cited today, despite contrary evidence.

    In comparison to Europe, estimate ranges are often greater across Asia, where populations were larger but pre-war data was in short supply. Many of the Asian countries with high death tolls were European colonies, and the actions of authorities in the metropoles, such as the diversion of resources from Asia to Europe, led to millions of deaths through famine and disease. Additionally, over one million African soldiers were drafted into Europe’s armies during the war, yet individual statistics are unavailable for most of these colonies or successor states (notably Algeria and Libya). Thousands of Asian and African military deaths went unrecorded or are included with European or Japanese figures, and there are no reliable figures for deaths of millions from countries across North Africa or East Asia. Additionally, many concentration camp records were destroyed, and such records in Africa and Asia were even sparser than in Europe. While the Second World War is one of the most studied academic topics of the past century, it is unlikely that we will ever have a clear number for the lives lost in the conflict.

  20. Population of Turkey 1800-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Population of Turkey 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1067119/population-turkey-historical/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Türkiye
    Description

    In 1800, the region of present-day Turkey had a population of approximately 9.8 million. Turkey’s population would grow steadily throughout the 1800s, growing to 14 million by the turn of the century. During this time, Turkey was the center of the Ottoman Empire, which also covered much of the Balkans, Arabia, and the African coast from Libya to Somalia. In the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire's dissolution period began, characterized by political instability and a series of military defeats and coups. The empire was one of the defeated Central Powers of the First World War, in which it suffered approximately three million total fatalities. It is estimated that the majority of these deaths did not come directly from the war, but as a result of the government-orchestrated mass expulsion and genocide of non-Turks from within the Turkish borders, specifically Armenians, Assyrians, Greeks and Kurds; many ethnic Turks were simultaneously expelled from neighboring countries, namely Greece, which makes these events less-visible when examining annual data, although Turkey's total population did drop by one million between 1914 and 1924.

    The Republic of Turkey Following the end of the Turkish War of Independence in 1923, and the establishment of the republic of Turkey, the population would begin to recover, tripling from just around 21 million in 1950 to over 63 million by the turn of the century. The new republic, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, introduced sweeping, progressive reforms that modernized the country, particularly its healthcare and education systems. Turkey remained neutral throughout the Second World War, and became a member of NATO during the Cold War. The second half of the 1900s was marked with intermittent periods of political instability, and a number of military conflicts (namely, in Cyprus and Kurdistan). In spite of this, Turkey has generally been considered a developed country for most of this time, although its life expectancy and infant mortality rates have often been more in line with developing nations.

    Modern Turkey In the past decade, Turkey's population growth has continued its rapid growth; while birth rates have declined, the mass migration of refugees to the country fleeing the Syrian Civil War has seen the population growth ramain high. This influx of refugees was seen as a stepping stone in Turkey's accession to the European Union, with whom it has been negotiating a potential membership since 2005. Accession to the EU would provide huge economic benefits to Turkey, however, political developments in recent years (particularly the 2016 coup) have seen these negotiations stall, as the EU has accused the Turkish government of committing widespread human rights violations, such as torture, political imprisonment and censorship of free speech. In 2020, Turkey's population is estimated to be over 84 million people, and is expected to exceed 100 million in the next two decades.

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Statista (2024). WWII: share of total population lost per country 1939-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1351638/second-world-war-share-total-population-loss/
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WWII: share of total population lost per country 1939-1945

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Dataset updated
Aug 9, 2024
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Area covered
World
Description

It is estimated that the Second World War was responsible for the deaths of approximately 3.76 percent of the world's population between 1939 and 1945. In 2022, where the world's population reached eight billion, this would be equal to the death of around 300 million people.

The region that experienced the largest loss of life relative to its population was the South Seas Mandate - these were former-German territories given to the Empire of Japan through the Treaty of Versailles following WWI, and they make up much of the present-day countries of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, the Northern Mariana Islands (U.S. territory), and Palau. Due to the location and strategic importance of these islands, they were used by the Japanese as launching pads for their attacks on Pearl Harbor and in the South Pacific, while they were also taken as part of the Allies' island-hopping strategy in their counteroffensive against Japan. This came at a heavy cost for the local populations, a large share of whom were Japanese settlers who had moved there in the 1920s and 1930s. Exact figures for both pre-war populations and wartime losses fluctuate by source, however civilian losses in these islands were extremely high as the Japanese defenses resorted to more extreme measures in the war's final phase.

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