While the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused all major stock market indices to fall sharply in March 2020, both the extent of the decline at this time, and the shape of the subsequent recovery, have varied greatly. For example, on March 15, 2020, major European markets and traditional stocks in the United States had shed around ** percent of their value compared to January *, 2020. However, Asian markets and the NASDAQ Composite Index only shed around ** to ** percent of their value. A similar story can be seen with the post-coronavirus recovery. As of November 14, 2021 the NASDAQ composite index value was around ** percent higher than in January 2020, while most other markets were only between ** and ** percent higher. Why did the NASDAQ recover the quickest? Based in New York City, the NASDAQ is famously considered a proxy for the technology industry as many of the world’s largest technology industries choose to list there. And it just so happens that technology was the sector to perform the best during the coronavirus pandemic. Accordingly, many of the largest companies who benefitted the most from the pandemic such as Amazon, PayPal and Netflix, are listed on the NADSAQ, helping it to recover the fastest of the major stock exchanges worldwide. Which markets suffered the most? The energy sector was the worst hit by the global COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, oil companies share prices suffered large declines over 2020 as demand for oil plummeted while workers found themselves no longer needing to commute, and the tourism industry ground to a halt. In addition, overall share prices in two major stock exchanges – the London Stock Exchange (as represented by the FTSE 100 index) and Hong Kong (as represented by the Hang Seng index) – have notably recovered slower than other major exchanges. However, in both these, the underlying issue behind the slower recovery likely has more to do with political events unrelated to the coronavirus than it does with the pandemic – namely Brexit and general political unrest, respectively.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

Israel's main stock market index, the TA-125, rose to 3204 points on September 9, 2025, gaining 1.70% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 6.07% and is up 57.76% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Israel. Israel Stock Market (TA-125) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, rose to 3815 points on September 10, 2025, gaining 0.19% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 4.58% and is up 40.15% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

Twelve Data is a technology-driven company that provides financial market data, financial tools, and dedicated solutions. Large audiences - from individuals to financial institutions - use our products to stay ahead of the competition and success.

At Twelve Data we feel responsible for where the markets are going and how people are able to explore them. Coming from different technological backgrounds, we see how the world is lacking the unique and simple place where financial data can be accessed by anyone, at any time. This is what distinguishes us from others, we do not only supply the financial data but instead, we want you to benefit from it, by using the convenient format, tools, and special solutions.

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data regarding stock exchange rates, data regarding CoVID-19, and government actions regarding 15 countries 1-6/2020

The NYSE U.S. 100 Index tracks the largest U.S. companies traded on the New York Stock Exchange. This statistic shows the leading 20 companies on the NYSE U.S. 100 Index by market capitalization. As of January 28, 2024 the multinational conglomerate company ****************** ranked as the first, with a market capitalization of over *** billion euros. This was followed by ********* and ***************, with market capitalizations amounting to *** billion and *** billion euros respectively. NYSE U.S. 100 Index vs. Nasdaq 100 Index The New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq are the largest two stock exchanges in the world, but they differ in the kinds of companies they list. The NYSE is known to list stable and long-lasting firms, commonly referred to as “blue-chip” companies. In contrast, the Nasdaq is renowned for listing the world’s biggest companies, mainly from the tech industry. Similar to the NYSE U.S. 100 Index, the Nasdaq 100 Index tracks the 100 largest non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq exchange, including both U.S. and non-U.S. companies. The leader of the NYSE U.S. 100 index: Berkshire Hathaway Berkshire Hathaway, the leader of the NYSE U.S. 100 Index, was also among the world's largest companies by revenue in 2023. The company is a multinational conglomerate and holding company with insurance as its core business and interests in other sectors such as railroad, utilities and energy, finance. In fact, Berkshire was the world's biggest insurance company by revenue in 2023. As a holding company, it has significant stakes in some of the world’s largest companies, including Apple, Bank of America and Coca-Cola. With its diverse background in various businesses and industries, Berkshire Hathaway had a total revenue of *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023.

Iran Market Capitalization: Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) data was reported at 1,743.023 USD bn in Sep 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,761.129 USD bn for Aug 2023. Iran Market Capitalization: Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) data is updated monthly, averaging 105.978 USD bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to Sep 2023, with 199 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,991.152 USD bn in May 2023 and a record low of 33.814 USD bn in Jun 2007. Iran Market Capitalization: Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Tehran Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.Z002: Tehran Stock Exchange: Market Capitalization. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Vietnam VN: Stocks Traded: Total Value: % of GDP data was reported at 17.001 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.850 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Stocks Traded: Total Value: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 10.850 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2017, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.384 % in 2009 and a record low of 5.527 % in 2011. Vietnam VN: Stocks Traded: Total Value: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values.; ; World Federation of Exchanges database.; Weighted average; Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

With a market capitalization of approximately 54 billion euros as of the end of Februrary 2023, the largest company on the Milan Stock Exchange was Enel, the world’s second largest electricity company. This is followed by Stellantis, with a market capitalization of over 53 billion euros. Italy’s most recognizable companies Italy is home to some of the most recognizable brands in the world. One of the largest companies on the Milan Stock Exchange is the luxury carmaker Ferrari – although high share price is perhaps based more on their brand identity than their underlying sales, given Ferrari’s global revenue is many times lower than the revenue of the world’s largest car manufacturers. Also among Italy’s largest companies is drinks manufacturer Campari. Aside from their titular liqueur, Campari’s brands also include well-known alcoholic drinks like Frangelico, Grand Marnier and Wild Turkey. The Milan Stock Exchange Otherwise known as the Borsa Italiana, the Milan Stock Exchange was recently acquired by Euronext, who are the fourth largest stock exchange operator in the world. Taken alone, the listed companies on the Borsa Italiana have a total market capitalization of around 607.3 billion euros. Two main markets comprise the Borsa Italiana:

the Mercato Telematico Azionario (MTA), which is the segment for mid- and large-size companies; and the AIM Italia, which was established in 2009 to cater for high growth small and medium enterprises needing more flexibility around the reporting and governance requirements.

Vietnam VN: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data was reported at 32.962 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39.143 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data is updated yearly, averaging 39.143 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2017, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.465 % in 2009 and a record low of 25.985 % in 2013. Vietnam VN: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.; ; World Federation of Exchanges database.; Weighted average; Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

Denmark Share Trading: CSE: Mid Cap: Market Value data was reported at 60,663.183 DKK mn in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 64,265.949 DKK mn for Sep 2018. Denmark Share Trading: CSE: Mid Cap: Market Value data is updated monthly, averaging 105,932.901 DKK mn from Oct 2006 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 145 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 194,349.181 DKK mn in Jul 2007 and a record low of 60,663.183 DKK mn in Oct 2018. Denmark Share Trading: CSE: Mid Cap: Market Value data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Copenhagen Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.Z003: Copenhagen Stock Exchange: Share Trading.

This study examines the market return spillovers from the US market to 10 Asia-Pacific stock markets, accounting for approximately 91 per cent of the region’s GDP from 1991 to 2022. Our findings indicate an increased return spillover from the US stock market to the Asia-Pacific stock market over time, particularly after major global events such as the 1997 Asian and the 2008 global financial crises, the 2015 China stock market crash, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2008 global financial crisis had the most substantial impact on these events. In addition, the findings also indicate that US economic policy uncertainty and US geopolitical risk significantly affect spillovers from the US to the Asia-Pacific markets. In contrast, the geopolitical risk of Asia-Pacific countries reduces these spillovers. The study also highlights the significant impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on these spillovers. Given the increasing integration of global financial markets, the findings of this research are expected to provide valuable policy implications for investors and policymakers.

Costa Rica CR: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data was reported at 1.958 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.583 % for 2021. Costa Rica CR: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data is updated yearly, averaging 2.308 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.075 % in 2003 and a record low of 1.232 % in 2016. Costa Rica CR: Stocks Traded: Turnover Ratio of Domestic Shares data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.;World Federation of Exchanges database.;Weighted average;Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

The crude oil share market experienced significant fluctuations today due to factors such as global supply and demand, geopolitical tensions, and anticipation of OPEC decisions. Get insights into what influenced oil prices and how investors navigated the volatile market.

Learn about the various factors that influence the wheat stock market price, including supply and demand dynamics, weather conditions, government policies, and global economic trends. Discover why the wheat market is highly volatile and how farmers, traders, and investors can manage the risks associated with wheat price fluctuations.

Stocks traded, total value (current US$) in United States was reported at 42600207070000 USD in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Stocks traded, total value - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Jamaica Stock Exchange: Index: JSE Junior Market Index data was reported at 3,517.840 NA in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,673.940 NA for Mar 2025. Jamaica Stock Exchange: Index: JSE Junior Market Index data is updated monthly, averaging 2,949.870 NA from Jan 2012 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 159 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,451.620 NA in Apr 2022 and a record low of 592.480 NA in Feb 2013. Jamaica Stock Exchange: Index: JSE Junior Market Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Exchange Data International Limited. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.EDI.SE: Jamaica Stock Exchange: Monthly.

In the first quarter of 2025, SK Hynix held a DRAM market share of ** percent, while Samsung occupied a market share of **** percent. Micron sat as the third-largest DRAM supplier with a market share of **** percent during the first quarter of 2025. DRAM market fluctuations Overall DRAM revenues amounted to ** billion U.S. dollars for the first quarter of 2025, down from the *****billion U.S. dollars observed in the fourth quarter of 2024. SK Hynix is the largest manufacturer of DRAM in terms of revenues in the latest recorded quarter. DRAM vs. SRAM The primary memory of a computer is called RAM, with the two most used forms of modern RAM being static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). DRAM is a type of volatile memory that, unlike non-volatile flash memory, loses data quickly when cut off from a power supply. Compared to other varieties of volatile memory, DRAM is relatively structurally simple. Whereas SRAM requires four to six transistors per bit, DRAM requires only one transistor and capacitor per bit.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global cross-border e-commerce market size is USD 791542.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40%of the global revenue with a market size of USD 316616.88million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.7%from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 237462.66million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 182054.71million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32.5%from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America's market will have more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 39577.11million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 29.9%from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa are the major markets of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 15830.84 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30.2%from 2024 to 2031.
The Credit/Debit Cards held the highest Cross border E commerce market revenue share in 2024.

Key Drivers of Cross border E commerce Market

Increasing Internet Penetration and Smartphone Adoption to Increase the Demand Globally

One of the key drivers in the cross-border e-commerce market is the increasing internet penetration and smartphone adoption worldwide. As more people gain access to the internet and smartphones, the potential customer base for online shopping expands, leading to a surge in cross-border e-commerce activities. The convenience of shopping online from international retailers, coupled with the availability of a wide range of products and competitive prices, has fueled the growth of cross-border e-commerce. Moreover, the ease of payment through digital wallets and online payment platforms has further facilitated cross-border transactions. This trend is expected to continue as internet infrastructure improves and smartphone technology becomes more affordable, driving the growth of cross-border e-commerce.

Growing Preference for Global Brands and Product Variety to Propel Market Growth

Another key driver in the cross-border e-commerce market is the growing preference among consumers for global brands and a wider variety of products. Cross-border e-commerce allows consumers to access products that may not be available in their local markets, giving them access to a broader selection of goods from around the world. This has led to an increase in demand for international brands and niche products that cater to specific interests and preferences. Additionally, cross-border e-commerce offers consumers the opportunity to compare prices and quality across different markets, empowering them to make informed purchasing decisions. As a result, retailers are increasingly focusing on expanding their product offerings and improving the shopping experience for cross-border shoppers, driving the growth of cross-border e-commerce.

Restraint Factors Of Cross border E commerce Market

Complex Regulatory Environment to Limit the Sales

One of the key restraints in the cross-border e-commerce market is the complex regulatory environment governing international trade and e-commerce. Different countries have varying regulations and policies regarding taxes, customs duties, import/export restrictions, and consumer protection laws, which can create barriers for cross-border e-commerce businesses. Adhering to these regulations can be challenging for e-commerce companies, especially smaller businesses that may not have the resources to navigate the complexities of international trade laws. This can result in delays, additional costs, and legal issues, limiting the growth of cross-border e-commerce.

Logistics Challenges and High International Shipping Costs

A major restraint in the cross-border e-commerce market is the inefficiency and high cost of international logistics. Delivering products across borders involves dealing with multiple carriers, customs delays, varying delivery standards, and return complications—all of which increase the total shipping time and expense. For consumers, this often translates into higher prices and uncertainty around delivery timelines, which can discourage repeat purchases. For sellers...