In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, rose to 3520 points on July 14, 2025, gaining 0.27% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.86% and is up 18.35% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The value of the DJIA index amounted to ********* at the end of March 2025, up from ********* at the end of March 2020. Global panic about the coronavirus epidemic caused the drop in March 2020, which was the worst drop since the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Dow Jones Industrial Average index – additional information The Dow Jones Industrial Average index is a price-weighted average of 30 of the largest American publicly traded companies on New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, and includes companies like Goldman Sachs, IBM and Walt Disney. This index is considered to be a barometer of the state of the American economy. DJIA index was created in 1986 by Charles Dow. Along with the NASDAQ 100 and S&P 500 indices, it is amongst the most well-known and used stock indexes in the world. The year that the 2018 financial crisis unfolded was one of the worst years of the Dow. It was also in 2008 that some of the largest ever recorded losses of the Dow Jones Index based on single-day points were registered. On September 29, 2008, for instance, the Dow had a loss of ****** points, one of the largest single-day losses of all times. The best years in the history of the index still are 1915, when the index value increased by ***** percent in one year, and 1933, year when the index registered a growth of ***** percent.

Prices for Global Equity Index including live quotes, historical charts and news. Global Equity Index was last updated by Trading Economics this July 13 of 2025.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index dropped around ***** points in the four weeks from February 12 to March 11, 2020, but has since recovered and peaked at ********* points as of November 24, 2024. In February 2020 - just prior to the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the DJIA index stood at a little over ****** points. U.S. markets suffer as virus spreads The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a turbulent period for stock markets – the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite also recorded dramatic drops. At the start of February, some analysts remained optimistic that the outbreak would ease. However, the increased spread of the virus started to hit investor confidence, prompting a record plunge in the stock markets. The Dow dropped by more than ***** points in the week from February 21 to February 28, which was a fall of **** percent – its worst percentage loss in a week since October 2008. Stock markets offer valuable economic insights The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a stock market index that monitors the share prices of the 30 largest companies in the United States. By studying the performance of the listed companies, analysts can gauge the strength of the domestic economy. If investors are confident in a company’s future, they will buy its stocks. The uncertainty of the coronavirus sparked fears of an economic crisis, and many traders decided that investment during the pandemic was too risky.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

Interactive chart illustrating the performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) market index over the last ten years. Each point of the stock market graph is represented by the daily closing price for the DJIA. Historical data can be downloaded via the red button on the upper left corner of the chart.

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of almost ** trillion U.S. dollars as of June 2025. The following three exchanges were the NASDAQ, PINK Exchange, and the Frankfurt Exchange. What is a stock exchange? A stock exchange is a marketplace where stockbrokers, traders, buyers, and sellers can trade in equities products. The largest exchanges have thousands of listed companies. These companies sell shares of their business, giving the general public the opportunity to invest in them. The oldest stock exchange worldwide is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, founded in the late sixteenth century. Other functions of a stock exchange Since these are publicly traded companies, every firm listed on a stock exchange has had an initial public offering (IPO). The largest IPOs can raise billions of dollars in equity for the firm involved. Related to stock exchanges are derivatives exchanges, where stock options, futures contracts, and other derivatives can be traded.

Key information about India Sensitive 30 (Sensex)

• India Sensitive 30 (Sensex) closed at 73,198.1 points in Feb 2025, compared with 77,500.6 points at the previous month end
• India Equity Market Index: Month End: BSE: Sensitive 30 (Sensex) data is updated monthly, available from Apr 1979 to Feb 2025, with an average number of 4,285.0 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 84,299.8 points in Sep 2024 and a record low of 115.6 points in Nov 1979

[COVID-19-IMPACT]


Further information about India Sensitive 30 (Sensex)

• In the latest reports, SENSEX recorded a daily P/E ratio of 20.6 in Mar 2025

Japan's main stock market index, the JP225, fell to 39432 points on July 14, 2025, losing 0.35% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 2.93%, though it remains 4.47% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Japan. Japan Stock Market Index (JP225) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Key information about China Shanghai Shenzhen 300

• China Shanghai Shenzhen 300 closed at 3,890.1 points in Feb 2025, compared with 3,817.1 points at the previous month end
• China Equity Market Index: Month End: Shanghai Shenzhen 300 data is updated monthly, available from Apr 2005 to Feb 2025, with an average number of 3,388.0 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 5,688.5 points in Oct 2007 and a record low of 856.0 points in May 2005

Further information about China Shanghai Shenzhen 300

• In the latest reports, Shanghai Stock Exchange recorded a daily P/E ratio of 14.2 in Mar 2025

Key information about Turkey BIST National 100

• Turkey BIST National 100 closed at 116,524.8 points in Jun 2020, compared with 105,520.5 points at the previous month end
• Turkey Equity Market Index: Month End: TRY: BIST National 100 data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1986 to Jun 2020, with an average number of 15,208.8 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 119,528.8 points in Jan 2018 and a record low of 1.0 points in Jan 1986

In line with the 'Removal of Two Zeros from Equity Indices” project, starting with July 27, 2020, BIST removed 2 zeros from the stock indices calculated in Turkish Liras (TRY). Therefore, the base values of these indices were divided by 100. Borsa Istanbul provides daily data on 11 major stock market indices, but the BIST National 100 index is the one most closely monitored by analysts.


Further information about Turkey BIST National 100

• In the latest reports, Borsa Istanbul recorded a monthly P/E ratio of 6.2 in Jul 2023

Key information about Iran TEDPIX

• Iran TEDPIX closed at 2,084,535.0 points in Sep 2023, compared with 2,104,684.0 points at the previous month end
• Iran Index: Tehran Stock Exchange: TEDPIX data is updated monthly, available from Sep 1997 to Sep 2023, with an average number of 18,242.6 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,479,340.0 points in Apr 2023 and a record low of 1,517.0 points in Aug 1998

Tehran Stock Exchange provides monthly data on 5 major stock market indices, but the All Share Price TEDPIX index is the one most closely monitored by analysts. Prior to July 2011, TEDPIX Index name was TEPIX which excluded the cash dividends.


Further information about Iran TEDPIX

• In the latest reports, TSE recorded a monthly P/E ratio of 7.9 in Sep 2023

France's main stock market index, the FR40, fell to 7829 points on July 11, 2025, losing 0.92% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 0.83% and is up 1.36% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from France. France Stock Market Index (FR40) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Key information about Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Composite Index

• Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Composite Index closed at 650.1 points in Feb 2025, compared with 640.9 points at the previous month end
• Uzbekistan Equity Market Index: Month End: Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan Composite Index data is updated monthly, available from Aug 2016 to Feb 2025, with an average number of 701.6 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 1,443.5 points in Feb 2021 and a record low of 329.8 points in Jan 2019

Republican Stock Exchange 'Toshkent' provides monthly Composite Index

In 2024, ** percent of adults in the United States invested in the stock market. This figure has remained steady over the last few years, and is still below the levels before the Great Recession, when it peaked in 2007 at ** percent. What is the stock market? The stock market can be defined as a group of stock exchanges, where investors can buy shares in a publicly traded company. In more recent years, it is estimated an increasing number of Americans are using neobrokers, making stock trading more accessible to investors. Other investments A significant number of people think stocks and bonds are the safest investments, while others point to real estate, gold, bonds, or a savings account. Since witnessing the significant one-day losses in the stock market during the Financial Crisis, many investors were turning towards these alternatives in hopes for more stability, particularly for investments with longer maturities. This could explain the decrease in this statistic since 2007. Nevertheless, some speculators enjoy chasing the short-run fluctuations, and others see value in choosing particular stocks.

With LSEG's Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) Data, gain full access to benchmarks, indices, reference data, market depth data, and more.

Saudi Arabia Index: Tadawul: Pharma, Biotech and Live Science data was reported at 4,208.450 05Jan2017=5000 in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,010.560 05Jan2017=5000 for May 2018. Saudi Arabia Index: Tadawul: Pharma, Biotech and Live Science data is updated monthly, averaging 4,356.865 05Jan2017=5000 from Jan 2016 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,382.590 05Jan2017=5000 in Dec 2016 and a record low of 3,759.900 05Jan2017=5000 in Nov 2017. Saudi Arabia Index: Tadawul: Pharma, Biotech and Live Science data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Tadawul. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.Z001: Tadawul Stock Exchange: Index.

Key information about Japan Nikkei 225 Stock

• Japan Nikkei 225 Stock closed at 33,189.0 points in Jun 2023, compared with 30,887.9 points at the previous month end
• Japan Equity Market Index: Month End: Japan: Nikkei 225 Stock data is updated monthly, available from May 1949 to Jun 2023, with an average number of 9,363.1 points
• The data reached an all-time high of 38,915.9 points in Dec 1989 and a record low of 86.2 points in Jun 1950

CEIC calculates monthly Equity Market Index from daily Equity Market Index based on the last business day of the month. Nikkei provides Equity Market Index.


Further information about Japan Nikkei 225 Stock

• In the latest reports, Prime Market recorded a monthly P/E ratio of 20.0 in Jul 2023

The annual returns of the Nasdaq 100 Index from 1986 to 2024. fluctuated significantly throughout the period considered. The Nasdaq 100 index saw its lowest performance in 2008, with a return rate of ****** percent, while the largest returns were registered in 1999, at ****** percent. As of June 11, 2024, the rate of return of Nasdaq 100 Index stood at ** percent. The Nasdaq 100 is a stock market index comprised of the 100 largest and most actively traded non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. How has the Nasdaq 100 evolved over years? The Nasdaq 100, which was previously heavily influenced by tech companies during the dot-com boom, has undergone significant diversification. Today, it represents a broader range of high-growth, non-financial companies across sectors like consumer services and healthcare, reflecting the evolving landscape of the global economy. The annual development of the Nasdaq 100 recently has generally been positive, except for 2022, when the NASDAQ experienced a decline due to worries about escalating inflation, interest rates, and regulatory challenges. What are the leading companies on Nasdaq 100? In August 2023, ***** was the largest company on the Nasdaq 100, with a market capitalization of **** trillion euros. Also, ****************************************** were among the five leading companies included in the index. Market capitalization is one of the most common ways of measuring how big a company is in the financial markets. It is calculated by multiplying the total number of outstanding shares by the current market price.