Global Land Survey 2010 images were acquired from 2008 to 2011 by Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM).

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) collaborated on the creation of the global land datasets using Landsat data from 1972 through 2008. Each of these global datasets was created from the primary Landsat sensor in use at the time: the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) in the 1970s, the Thematic Mapper (TM) in 1990, the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) in 2000, and a combination of TM and ETM+, as well as EO-1 ALI data, in 2005.

This map contains a number of world-wide dynamic image services providing access to various Landsat scenes covering the landmass of the World for visual interpretation. Landsat 8 collects new scenes for each location on Earth every 16 days, assuming limited cloud coverage. Newest and near cloud-free scenes are displayed by default on top. Most scenes collected since 1st January 2015 are included. The service also includes scenes from the Global Land Survey* (circa 2010, 2005, 2000, 1990, 1975).

The service contains a range of different predefined renderers for Multispectral, Panchromatic as well as Pansharpened scenes. The layers in the service can be time-enabled so that the applications can restrict the displayed scenes to a specific date range.

This ArcGIS Server dynamic service can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop, Web and Mobile applications using the REST based image services API. Users can also export images, but the exported area is limited to maximum of 2,000 columns x 2,000 rows per request.

Data Source: The imagery in these services is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The data for these services reside on the Landsat Public Datasets hosted on the Amazon Web Service cloud. Users can access full scenes from https://github.com/landsat-pds/landsat_ingestor/wiki/Accessing-Landsat-on-AWS, or alternatively access http://landsatlook.usgs.gov to review and download full scenes from the complete USGS archive.

For more information on Landsat 8 images, see http://landsat.usgs.gov/landsat8.php.

*The Global Land Survey includes images from Landsat 1 through Landsat 7. Band numbers and band combinations differ from those of Landsat 8, but have been mapped to the most appropriate band as in the above table. For more information about the Global Land Survey, visit http://landsat.usgs.gov/science_GLS.php.

For more information on each of the individual layers, see

http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d9b466d6a9e647ce8d1dd5fe12eb434b ;

http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6b003010cbe64d5d8fd3ce00332593bf ;

http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=a7412d0c33be4de698ad981c8ba471e6

International Programs Seminar participants' survey results are displayed for use in a web application to facilitate connections between alumni.

The Digital Geologic Map of International Boundary and Water Commission Mapping in Amistad National Recreation Area, Texas and Mexico is composed of GIS data layers complete with ArcMap 9.3 layer (.LYR) files, two ancillary GIS tables, a Map PDF document with ancillary map text, figures and tables, a FGDC metadata record and a 9.3 ArcMap (.MXD) Document that displays the digital map in 9.3 ArcGIS. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: Eddie Collins, Amanda Masterson and Tom Tremblay (Texas Bureau of Economic Geology); Rick Page (U.S. Geological Survey); Gilbert Anaya (International Boundary and Water Commission). Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation sections(s) of this metadata record (ibwc_metadata.txt; available at http://nrdata.nps.gov/amis/nrdata/geology/gis/ibwc_metadata.xml). All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.1. (available at: http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/inventory/geology/GeologyGISDataModel.cfm). The GIS data is available as a 9.3 personal geodatabase (ibwc_geology.mdb), and as shapefile (.SHP) and DBASEIV (.DBF) table files. The GIS data projection is NAD83, UTM Zone 14N. The data is within the area of interest of Amistad National Recreation Area.

This map contains a number of world-wide dynamic image services providing access to various Landsat scenes covering the landmass of the World for visual interpretation. Landsat 8 collects new scenes for each location on Earth every 16 days, assuming limited cloud coverage. Newest and near cloud-free scenes are displayed by default on top. Most scenes collected since 1st January 2015 are included. The service also includes scenes from the Global Land Survey* (circa 2010, 2005, 2000, 1990, 1975).The service contains a range of different predefined renderers for Multispectral, Panchromatic as well as Pansharpened scenes. The layers in the service can be time-enabled so that the applications can restrict the displayed scenes to a specific date range. This ArcGIS Server dynamic service can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop, Web and Mobile applications using the REST based image services API. Users can also export images, but the exported area is limited to maximum of 2,000 columns x 2,000 rows per request.Data Source: The imagery in these services is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The data for these services reside on the Landsat Public Datasets hosted on the Amazon Web Service cloud. Users can access full scenes from https://github.com/landsat-pds/landsat_ingestor/wiki/Accessing-Landsat-on-AWS, or alternatively access http://landsatlook.usgs.gov to review and download full scenes from the complete USGS archive.For more information on Landsat 8 images, see http://landsat.usgs.gov/landsat8.php.*The Global Land Survey includes images from Landsat 1 through Landsat 7. Band numbers and band combinations differ from those of Landsat 8, but have been mapped to the most appropriate band as in the above table. For more information about the Global Land Survey, visit http://landsat.usgs.gov/science_GLS.php.For more information on each of the individual layers, see http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d9b466d6a9e647ce8d1dd5fe12eb434b ; http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6b003010cbe64d5d8fd3ce00332593bf ; http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=a7412d0c33be4de698ad981c8ba471e6

National-scale geologic, geophysical, and mineral resource raster and vector data covering the United States, Canada, and Australia are provided in this data release. The data were compiled as part of the tri-national Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). The CMMI, established in 2019, is an international science collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Geoscience Australia (GA), and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). One aspect of the CMMI is to use national- to global-scale earth science data to map where critical mineral prospectivity may exist using advanced machine learning approaches (Kelley, 2020). The geoscience information presented in this report include the training and evidential layers that cover all three countries and underpin the resultant prospectivity models for basin-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization described in Lawley and others (2021). It is expected that these data layers will be useful to many regional- to continental-scale studies related to a wide range of earth science research. Therefore, the data layers are organized using widely accepted GIS formats in the same map projection to increase efficiency and effectiveness of future studies. All datasets have a common geographic projection in decimal degrees using a WGS84 datum. Data for the various training and evidential layers were either derived for this study or were extracted from previous national to global-scale compilations. Data from outside work are provided here as a courtesy for completeness of the model and should be cited as the original source. Original references are provided on each child page. Where possible, data for the United States were merged to data for Canada to provide composite data that allow for continuity and seamless analyses of the earth science data across the two countries. Earth science data provided in this report include training data for the models. Training data include a mineral resource database of Pb-Zn deposits and occurrences related to either carbonate-hosted (Mississippi Valley type-MVT) or clastic-dominated (aka sedex) Pb-Zn mineralization. Evidential layers that were used as input to the models include GeoTIFF grid files consisting of ground, airborne, and satellite geophysical data (magnetic, gravity, tomography, seismic) and several related derivative products. Geologic layers incorporated into the models include shapefiles of modified lithology and faults for the United States, Canada and Australia. A global database of ancient and modern passive margins is provided here as well as a link to a database mapping the global distribution of black shale units from a previous USGS study. GeoTIFF grids of the final prospectivity models for MVT and for clastic-dominated Pb-Zn mineralization across the US, Canada, and Australia from Lawley and others (2021) are also included. Each child page describes the particular data layer and related derivative products if applicable. Kelley, K.D., 2020, International geoscience collaboration to support critical mineral discovery: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3035, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203035. Lawley, C.J.M., McCafferty, A.E., Graham, G.E., Huston, D.L., Kelley, K.D., Czarnota, K., Paradis, S., Peter, J.M., Hayward, N., Barlow, M., Emsbo, P., Coyan, J., San Juan, C.A., and Gadd, M.G., 2022, Data-driven prospectivity modelling of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb mineral systems and their critical raw materials: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 141, no. 104635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104635.

This dataset aims to map the existing Bike Bus initiatives worldwide, identify their diversity, and understand their challenges and motivations. The dataset is divided into two files: the BB_database, which maps the name, location, and contact (when available) of the bike bus initiatives that we could find, and the BB_survey, which contains the data resulting from an online survey aimed at Bike Bus organizers identified through the BB_database. The data from the survey includes information on the name of the Bike Bus initiatives, location, organizing actors, starting year, contact details, route characteristics (travel time, distance, frequency, and space to cycle), participants (number of children and adults, age, and gender), and management (child supervision, goals, barriers, motivations and challenges). Most of the initiatives are in Catalonia and Spain, yet the database includes Bike Buses worldwide. Data was derived from unpublished master dissertation: Martín, S. (2022). BiciBús in Catalonia: Rutes and characteristics of the bike-train movement. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Description of methods used for collection-generation of data: The following data comes from a mapping excercise of Bike Buses and an online survey aimed at Bike Bus organizers. It builds on the online survey by Martín (2022) for her master's thesis. In this firt phase of the project leaded by Martín (2022) respondents were approached via social media and email from an archival analysis in Google, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter (now X) using the keyword "Bicibus". The rest of the respondents were approached using the snowball sampling method. The scope of this first survey was Spain, and it was available in Spanish and Catalan. The survey received 19 responses during this phase. The second phase of the data collection expanded the scope of the survey internationally. The questions were translated into English, and the literature review was done adding the search engines Google Scholar and Scopus, using the keywords "Bike Bus" and "Bike Train". By the end of the data collection, the survey received 143 responses.

The World Values Survey (WVS) is a global values survey that has been conducted since 1981 in a number of countries around the world, with the intention of monitoring the evolution over time of the values and beliefs of citizens in modern societies and the impact of these values on the social and political life of each country. The survey includes an extensive questionnaire of almost 300 questions, common to all countries, conducted to a rigorous, common specification in "waves" approximately every five years. Until 2017, six "waves" of the survey had been conducted without the participation of Greece. diaNEOsis, in collaboration with the National Centre for Social Research (EKKE), undertook to support the implementation of the survey and the participation of Greece in the seventh "wave", in order to map the values profile of Greek society. Probability: Multistage Face-to-face interview

This worldwide street map presents highway-level data for the world. Street-level data includes the United States; much of Canada; Mexico; Europe; Japan; Australia and New Zealand; India; South America and Central America; Africa; and most of the Middle East. This comprehensive street map includes highways, major roads, minor roads, one-way arrow indicators, railways, water features, administrative boundaries, cities, parks, and landmarks, overlaid on shaded relief imagery for added context. The map also includes building footprints for selected areas. Coverage is provided down to ~1:4k with ~1:1k and ~1:2k data available in select urban areas. The street map was developed by Esri using Esri basemap data, DeLorme basemap layers, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) elevation data, Intact Forest Landscape (IFL) data for the world; HERE data for Europe, Australia and New Zealand, North America, South America and Central America, Africa, and most of the Middle East; OpenStreetMap contributors for select countries in Africa; MapmyIndia data in India; and select data from the GIS user community. For more information on this map, including the terms of use, visit us online at http://goto.arcgisonline.com/maps/World_Street_Map

Bathymetry Survey Sonar Market Outlook

The global bathymetry survey sonar market size is projected to grow from USD 1.2 billion in 2023 to USD 2.1 billion by 2032, expanding at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% during the forecast period. The primary growth factor driving this market is the increasing demand for precise underwater mapping and exploration across various industries.

One of the key growth factors in the bathymetry survey sonar market is the escalating need for detailed underwater topographical data, driven by activities such as marine navigation, environmental monitoring, and undersea construction. The advancements in sonar technology have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of bathymetric surveys, thereby increasing their adoption. Additionally, the growing interest in offshore oil and gas exploration has led to a heightened demand for reliable bathymetric data to ensure safe and efficient operations. This trend is expected to continue, further propelling the market growth.

The defense sector also plays a crucial role in the growth of the bathymetry survey sonar market. Navies and coastguards around the world are heavily investing in advanced sonar systems to enhance their underwater surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. The increasing geopolitical tensions and the need for border security have further emphasized the importance of accurate underwater mapping. Furthermore, the development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with sophisticated sonar systems has provided a significant boost to the market, as these vehicles are extensively used for defense and commercial applications.

Environmental monitoring and research activities have also contributed to the growth of the bathymetry survey sonar market. Climate change and the resultant impact on marine ecosystems have necessitated continuous monitoring of underwater habitats. Researchers and environmentalists are using advanced sonar systems to study underwater terrain and marine life, thus driving the demand for bathymetry survey sonar systems. Additionally, the increasing focus on sustainable development and the preservation of marine biodiversity is likely to further augment the market growth.

Sonar Systems have become integral to the advancements in bathymetric surveys, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency in underwater mapping. These systems utilize sound waves to detect and map the seabed, providing detailed topographical data essential for various applications such as marine navigation, environmental monitoring, and undersea construction. The development of sophisticated sonar systems has enabled researchers and industries to explore previously inaccessible underwater terrains, thereby expanding the scope and accuracy of bathymetric surveys. As the demand for precise underwater data continues to rise, the evolution of sonar systems is expected to play a pivotal role in meeting these needs, driving further growth in the bathymetry survey sonar market.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the bathymetry survey sonar market, attributed to the presence of major market players and extensive maritime activities in the region. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by the increasing investments in maritime infrastructure and the booming offshore oil and gas industry. Europe also represents a substantial market share, fueled by the rising demand for bathymetric data in port and harbor management and environmental monitoring. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging markets, with growing opportunities in offshore exploration and marine research sectors.

Product Type Analysis

In the bathymetry survey sonar market, product types such as Single Beam Sonar, Multibeam Sonar, and Side Scan Sonar are critical segments. Single Beam Sonar systems are traditionally used for basic depth sounding and have been the cornerstone of bathymetric surveys for years. These systems are cost-effective and provide straightforward data, making them suitable for shallow water surveys and smaller projects. However, their limitations in providing detailed and comprehensive underwater maps have seen a gradual shift towards more advanced sonar systems.

Multibeam Sonar systems have gained significant traction owing to their ability to produce high-resolution, three-dimensional underwater maps. These systems emit multiple

'The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long history of involvement in multi-scale, and multi-temporal land cover characterization and mapping of the world. During the 1970\'s, the Anderson System for land use and land cover classification system was developed and the conterminous United States (US) was mapped using aerial photographs. During 1980\'s, 75% of state of Alaska was mapped using Landsat satellite data. During the 1990\'s, (i) land cover characteristics database concept was demonstrated, (ii) Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium was formed with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and US Forest Service (USFS), (iii) Global Land Cover Characteristics database was completed, and (iv) land cover and vegetation databases of the U.S. using Landsat TM data were completed. During 2000-2002, a forest canopy density map was produced as a part of Forest Resources Assessment 2000 for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and MRLC-2001 dataset was released. In 2003, land cover mapping of North America was carried out as a contribution to the Global Land Cover 2000 project being implemented by the Joint Research Center (JRC) of European Commission (EC). '

OneGeology's aim is to create dynamic digital geological map data for the world. It is an international initiative of the geological surveys of the world who are working together to achieve this ambitious venture. The Mission statement is to "Make web-accessible the best available geological map data worldwide at a scale of about 1: 1 million, as a geological survey contribution to the International Year of Planet Earth" and beyond.

This map contains a number of world-wide dynamic image services providing access to various Landsat scenes covering the landmass of the World for visual interpretation. Landsat 8 collects new scenes for each location on Earth every 16 days, assuming limited cloud coverage. Newest and near cloud-free scenes are displayed by default on top. Most scenes collected since 1st January 2015 are included. The service also includes scenes from the Global Land Survey* (circa 2010, 2005, 2000, 1990, 1975).The service contains a range of different predefined renderers for Multispectral, Panchromatic as well as Pansharpened scenes. The layers in the service can be time-enabled so that the applications can restrict the displayed scenes to a specific date range. This ArcGIS Server dynamic service can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop, Web and Mobile applications using the REST based image services API. Users can also export images, but the exported area is limited to maximum of 2,000 columns x 2,000 rows per request.Data Source: The imagery in these services is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The data for these services reside on the Landsat Public Datasets hosted on the Amazon Web Service cloud. Users can access full scenes from https://github.com/landsat-pds/landsat_ingestor/wiki/Accessing-Landsat-on-AWS, or alternatively access http://landsatlook.usgs.gov to review and download full scenes from the complete USGS archive.For more information on Landsat 8 images, see http://landsat.usgs.gov/landsat8.php.*The Global Land Survey includes images from Landsat 1 through Landsat 7. Band numbers and band combinations differ from those of Landsat 8, but have been mapped to the most appropriate band as in the above table. For more information about the Global Land Survey, visit http://landsat.usgs.gov/science_GLS.php.For more information on each of the individual layers, see http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d9b466d6a9e647ce8d1dd5fe12eb434b ; http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6b003010cbe64d5d8fd3ce00332593bf ; http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=a7412d0c33be4de698ad981c8ba471e6

Lake Mapping and Bathymetry Market Outlook

The global lake mapping and bathymetry market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 9.6% over the forecast period. This significant growth is propelled by increasing demand for precise aquatic mapping and monitoring, driven by urgent needs in environmental conservation, water resource management, and enhanced navigation safety. Factors such as technological advancements in sonar and LiDAR systems, escalating concerns about water conservation, and the growing importance of aquatic ecosystems in maintaining biodiversity are pivotal to the market's expansion.

A key growth factor is the heightened awareness and regulatory requirements surrounding water conservation and aquatic habitat preservation. Governments and environmental agencies worldwide are investing heavily in technologies that facilitate accurate lake and riverbed mapping to ensure compliance with environmental protection regulations. This investment is not only focused on preserving biodiversity but also on understanding the impacts of climate change on water bodies. As a result, the demand for advanced mapping technologies such as sonar and LiDAR has intensified, as they provide high-resolution data critical for informed decision-making.

Another driving force behind the market's growth is the technological advancements in sonar, LiDAR, and satellite systems, which have revolutionized the precision and efficiency of bathymetric surveys. These technologies allow for comprehensive and accurate underwater topography mapping, which is crucial for various applications including environmental monitoring, navigation, and water resource management. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning with these technologies further enhances data processing capabilities, providing real-time insights and predictive analytics that are invaluable for managing water resources effectively.

Moreover, the increasing importance of inland water bodies in supporting local economies and providing recreational opportunities has led to a surge in demand for detailed mapping and bathymetric services. Local governments and municipalities are keen to harness these resources sustainably, which necessitates detailed topographical and ecological assessments of lakes and rivers. This trend is coupled with the growing public interest in outdoor and water-based activities, driving a need for enhanced safety and navigation solutions, thereby creating further opportunities for market growth.

Hydrographic Survey plays a crucial role in the lake mapping and bathymetry market by providing detailed and accurate data on underwater topography. This type of survey is essential for understanding the physical characteristics of water bodies, which is vital for applications such as navigation, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Hydrographic surveys utilize advanced technologies like sonar and LiDAR to map the underwater environment, offering insights into depth variations, sediment composition, and potential hazards. These surveys are indispensable for ensuring safe navigation, particularly in areas with complex underwater landscapes, and for supporting environmental conservation efforts by providing data necessary for habitat preservation and pollution assessment. As the demand for precise aquatic mapping continues to grow, the role of hydrographic surveys becomes increasingly significant in facilitating informed decision-making and sustainable management of water resources.

Regionally, North America and Europe currently dominate the lake mapping and bathymetry market, attributed to their advanced technological infrastructure and strong focus on environmental sustainability. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, increasing population, and growing concerns over water scarcity and environmental degradation. Emerging economies in Asia Pacific are increasingly investing in sophisticated technologies for water resource management and environmental monitoring, which is anticipated to bolster market growth in the region.

Technology Analysis

In the realm of lake mapping and bathymetry, technology serves as the backbone enabling precise and efficient data collection and analysis. Among the technologies utilized, sonar systems stand out for their ability to provide detailed unde

Cadastral Mapping Market Outlook

The global cadastral mapping market size was valued at approximately USD 4.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 7.9 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% during the forecast period. This market growth can be attributed to increasing urbanization, rapid advancements in geospatial technologies, and the growing need for efficient land management systems across various regions.

The expansion of urban areas and the corresponding increase in the need for effective land management infrastructure are significant growth factors driving the cadastral mapping market. As urbanization accelerates globally, local governments and planning agencies require sophisticated tools to manage and record land ownership, boundaries, and property information. Enhanced geospatial technologies, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, are pivotal in facilitating accurate and efficient cadastral mapping, thus contributing to market growth.

Another key growth factor is the rising demand for infrastructure development. As nations invest in large-scale infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, and smart cities, there is an increased need for precise land data to ensure the proper allocation of resources and to avoid legal disputes. Cadastral mapping provides the critical data needed for these projects, hence its demand is surging. Additionally, governments worldwide are increasingly adopting digital platforms to streamline land administration processes, further propelling the market.

Furthermore, the agricultural sector is also significantly contributing to the growth of the cadastral mapping market. Modern agriculture relies heavily on accurate land parcel information for planning and optimizing crop production. By integrating cadastral maps with other geospatial data, farmers can improve land use efficiency, monitor crop health, and enhance yield predictions. This integration is particularly valuable in precision farming, which is becoming more prevalent as the world's population grows and the demand for food increases.

Regionally, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth in the cadastral mapping market. Factors such as rapid urbanization, extensive infrastructure development projects, and the need for improved land management are driving the demand in this region. Moreover, governments in countries like India and China are investing heavily in creating digital land records and implementing smart city initiatives, which further boosts the market. The North American and European markets are also substantial, driven by the advanced technological infrastructure and well-established land administration systems.

Component Analysis

The cadastral mapping market can be segmented by component into software, hardware, and services. The software segment holds a significant share in this market, driven by the increasing adoption of advanced GIS and mapping software solutions. These software solutions enable accurate land parcel mapping, data analysis, and integration with other geospatial data systems, making them indispensable tools for cadastral mapping. Companies are continuously innovating to provide more intuitive and comprehensive software solutions, which is expected to fuel growth in this segment.

Hardware components, including GPS devices, drones, and other surveying equipment, are also critical to the cadastral mapping market. The hardware segment is expected to grow steadily as technological advancements improve the accuracy and efficiency of these devices. Innovations such as high-resolution aerial imaging and LIDAR technology are enhancing the capabilities of cadastral mapping hardware, allowing for more detailed and precise data collection. This segment is particularly essential for field surveying and data acquisition, forming the backbone of cadastral mapping projects.

The services segment encompasses a wide range of offerings, including consulting, implementation, and maintenance services. Professional services are vital for the successful deployment and operation of cadastral mapping systems. Governments and private sector organizations often rely on specialized service providers to implement these systems, train personnel, and ensure ongoing support. As the complexity of cadastral mapping projects increases, the demand for expert services is also expected to rise, contributing to the growth of this segment.

Integration services are another critical component within the

A global, mosaiced (hybrid resolution) model of Vs30.

Abstract

The Partnership for Economic Inclusion (PEI) Landscape Survey 2019 - 2020 aimed to provide a comprehensive inventory of ongoing economic inclusion programs, or those that are in the development pipeline. For the purpose of the PEI Landscape Survey 2019 - 2020, the PEI management team (PEIMT) defined economic inclusion programs as multidimensional interventions that support and enable households to achieve sustainable livelihoods and increase their incomes and assets, while building human capital and promoting social inclusion.

To map the universe of economic inclusion programs, the PEIMT reviewed the World Bank financing portfolio as well as external sources. The first stage of the World Bank portfolio scan involved manually reviewing ongoing and pipeline programs from the Social Protection and Jobs (SPJ) Global Practice, listed in the World Bank Operations Portal, across all geographical regions. To determine whether a program focused on economic inclusion, the PEIMT reviewed each program's development objective and the component description included in its Project Appraisal Document (PAD) or, when a PAD was not available, its Project Information Document (PID), Project Paper (PP), or Project Information and Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (PSDS).

Kind of data

Administrative records data [adm]

Sampling procedure

To map the universe of economic inclusion programs, the PEIMT reviewed the World Bank financing portfolio as well as external sources. The first stage of the World Bank portfolio scan involved manually reviewing ongoing and pipeline projects from the Social Protection and Jobs (SPJ) Global Practice, listed in the World Bank Operations Portal, across all geographical regions. To determine whether a program focused on economic inclusion, the PEIMT reviewed each project's development objective and the component description included in its Project Appraisal Document (PAD) or, when a PAD was not available, its Project Information Document (PID), Project Paper (PP), or Project Information and Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (PSDS).

As a second stage, in order to validate each economic inclusion program and to speed up the mapping process, the PEIMT worked with the Text and Data Analytics (TDA) team from the Development Economics (DEC) department of the World Bank. Using a predefined set of keywords , the TDA team applied advanced text analytics to projects' summaries as well as to their PADs, PIDs, PPs, or PSDSs. They applied this technique to a total sample of approximately 1,200 projects (both active and pipeline) across all geographical regions under these Global Practices: Urban Resilience and Land; Social Development; Social Protection and Jobs; Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation; and Agriculture and Food. The team then ranked projects based on the number of keywords found. Any project that had at least one keyword could be considered an economic inclusion project. The PEIMT then compared the TDA-assisted selection with the manual selection for the SPJ projects and found that the results were accurate in correctly excluding projects. The TDA-assisted selection, however, also included far more projects than the manual review did.

To finalize the mapping of World Bank-financed economic inclusion projects, the PEIMT team manually reviewed the TDA-assisted selection of economic inclusion projects for the remaining Global Practices. The team assessed the relevance of a project based on project summaries, the types of words identified through the TDA techniques, and the frequency with which keywords came up in the project documents. In some cases, when a summary did not provide enough information, the PAD was reviewed to make a final decision. Overall, the TDA methods allowed the PEIMT to trim the number of projects for review by half. In total, the PEIMT identified 149 World Bank economic inclusion projects (representing 92 individual government programs in 57 countries ). Surveys were sent to these 92 unique identified programs, and responses were received back from 77 of them. The mapping of World Bank-supported projects was updated in June 2020 through a full manual review of nearly 50 projects from the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice, which resulted in 17 additional projects and a total of 166 economic inclusion projects supported by the World Bank.

To map projects outside of World Bank operations, the PEIMT used the PEI's 2017 survey dataset to identify projects that were still ongoing as well as partners, including governments, NGOs, regional organizations, multilaterals, and other development partners involved in economic inclusion programming. Organizations were approached to self-identify programs that met a prescribed set of criteria, which had been developed based on the working definition of economic inclusion programs. Since the 2017 survey captured mostly non-government programs, in order to map other relevant economic inclusion interventions the PEIMT scanned several databases and inventories of social protection and productive inclusion programs, including ECLAC's database of labor and productive inclusion programs in Latin America and the Caribbean and Manchester's Social Assistance database. The number of projects identified outside of the World Bank portfolio totaled 146, from which 140 responses were expected and 127 responses were received.

Mode of data collection

Internet [int]

The Surveying and Mapping Services industry in Canada has weathered uncertain conditions as downstream industries including residential, commercial, industrial construction and government authorities, fared with volatility brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. The industry's performance is largely tied to developments in residential and nonresidential construction markets, which fuel both private- and public-sector spending.As Canadian oil, gas and mining companies cut back spending on exploration and development projects in response to falling commodity prices, and construction stalled in resource-rich provinces, demand for surveying and mapping services for these projects fell. While growth from the residential construction market helped offset some losses, rising interest intended to offset rising inflation have hampered residential demand. Thus, even as energy prices came roaring back, many surveyors saw a reduction in demand. Over the five years to 2023, industry revenue has been contracting at a CAGR of 1.7% and is expected to reach $1.7 billion, including an expected drop of 3.2% over the current year.The return to growth of downstream construction markets will likely keep industry demand afloat moving forward. In addition to solid demand from industrial building construction as commodity prices remain high, housing market expansion will stimulate demand for cadastral, property line and construction surveying. The continued adoption of new technology will also enable companies to realize new efficiencies and improve the quality of their services, expanding sizable profit margins further. Industry revenue is forecast to rise at a CAGR of 1.2% to $1.8 billion over the five years to 2028.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Seismic Survey market size will be USD 25,640.0 million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.60% from 2025 to 2033.

North America held the major market share for more than 37% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 9486.80 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.1% from 2025 to 2033.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 29% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 7435.60 million.
APAC held a market share of around 24% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 6153.60 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.3% from 2025 to 2033.
South America has a market share of more than 4% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 974.32 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3% from 2025 to 2033.
Middle East had a market share of around 4% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 1025.60 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.9% from 2025 to 2033.
Africa had a market share of around 2.2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 564.08 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9% from 2025 to 2033.
Software is the fastest growing segment of the Seismic Survey industry

Market Dynamics of Seismic Survey Market

Key Drivers for Seismic Survey Market

Increasing Oil & Gas Exploration Is Expected To Boost Market Growth

Seismic surveys use advanced technologies such as 3D and 4D imaging, ocean-bottom nodes, and AI-powered data analytics to map underground rock formations. These techniques help oil and gas companies minimize exploration risks, optimize drilling activities, and enhance reservoir management. The ability to gather high-resolution subsurface data allows operators to make informed decisions, reducing the likelihood of dry wells and improving overall exploration success rates. As a result, seismic surveys have become an essential tool for the energy sector in maximizing hydrocarbon recovery while maintaining cost efficiency. Governments worldwide are granting new exploration licenses and offering incentives to energy companies to boost domestic oil and gas production, further driving the demand for seismic surveys. In February 2024, Brazil's Petrobras and India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate in exploration, production, oil and gas sales, decarbonization, and biofuels development.

https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/petrobras-indias-ongc-agree-cooperate-exploration-production-2025-02-12/

Rising Offshore Exploration Activities To Boost Market Growth

Deepwater and ultra-deepwater exploration require imaging techniques such as 3D and 4D seismic surveys, ocean-bottom seismic nodes, and advanced data processing algorithms. These technologies provide high-resolution subsurface maps that help geologists and engineers locate hydrocarbon reservoirs while minimizing drilling uncertainties. By leveraging seismic surveys, offshore operators can optimize well placement, reduce dry well occurrences, and enhance reservoir management, ultimately improving the profitability of exploration and production activities. Several key offshore regions, including the Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, South China Sea, and offshore West Africa, are witnessing increased exploration investments. Governments and energy companies are offering new offshore licensing rounds, encouraging exploration in frontier areas. Additionally, technological advancements in floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units and subsea infrastructure are making deepwater and ultra-deepwater exploration more feasible.

Restraint Factor for the Seismic Survey Market

Complex Integration with Legacy Systems, Will Limit Market Growth

Seismic surveys are capital-intensive operations that require substantial financial investments in specialized equipment, skilled labor, and advanced data processing technologies. The high cost of acquiring and maintaining seismic vessels, airgun arrays, geophones, and ocean-bottom nodes makes offshore and onshore seismic exploration an expensive endeavor. Additionally, deploying sophisticated 3D and 4D seismic imaging systems, which provide high-resolution subsurface data, further adds to ...

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