100+ datasets found
  1. Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945

    • statista.com
    Updated Apr 4, 2022
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    Statista (2022). Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293510/second-world-war-fatalities-per-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 4, 2022
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    Estimates for the total death count of the Second World War generally range somewhere between 70 and 85 million people. The Soviet Union suffered the highest number of fatalities of any single nation, with estimates mostly falling between 22 and 27 million deaths. China then suffered the second greatest, at around 20 million, although these figures are less certain and often overlap with the Chinese Civil War. Over 80 percent of all deaths were of those from Allied countries, and the majority of these were civilians. In contrast, 15 to 20 percent were among the Axis powers, and the majority of these were military deaths, as shown in the death ratios of Germany and Japan. Civilian deaths and atrocities It is believed that 60 to 67 percent of all deaths were civilian fatalities, largely resulting from war-related famine or disease, and war crimes or atrocities. Systematic genocide, extermination campaigns, and forced labor, particularly by the Germans, Japanese, and Soviets, led to the deaths of millions. In this regard, Nazi activities alone resulted in 17 million deaths, including six million Jews in what is now known as The Holocaust. Not only was the scale of the conflict larger than any that had come before, but the nature of and reasoning behind this loss make the Second World War stand out as one of the most devastating and cruelest conflicts in history. Problems with these statistics Although the war is considered by many to be the defining event of the 20th century, exact figures for death tolls have proven impossible to determine, for a variety of reasons. Countries such as the U.S. have fairly consistent estimates due to preserved military records and comparatively few civilian casualties, although figures still vary by source. For most of Europe, records are less accurate. Border fluctuations and the upheaval of the interwar period mean that pre-war records were already poor or non-existent for many regions. The rapid and chaotic nature of the war then meant that deaths could not be accurately recorded at the time, and mass displacement or forced relocation resulted in the deaths of many civilians outside of their homeland, which makes country-specific figures more difficult to find. Early estimates of the war’s fatalities were also taken at face value and formed the basis of many historical works; these were often very inaccurate, but the validity of the source means that the figures continue to be cited today, despite contrary evidence.

    In comparison to Europe, estimate ranges are often greater across Asia, where populations were larger but pre-war data was in short supply. Many of the Asian countries with high death tolls were European colonies, and the actions of authorities in the metropoles, such as the diversion of resources from Asia to Europe, led to millions of deaths through famine and disease. Additionally, over one million African soldiers were drafted into Europe’s armies during the war, yet individual statistics are unavailable for most of these colonies or successor states (notably Algeria and Libya). Thousands of Asian and African military deaths went unrecorded or are included with European or Japanese figures, and there are no reliable figures for deaths of millions from countries across North Africa or East Asia. Additionally, many concentration camp records were destroyed, and such records in Africa and Asia were even sparser than in Europe. While the Second World War is one of the most studied academic topics of the past century, it is unlikely that we will ever have a clear number for the lives lost in the conflict.

  2. WWII: number of people mobilized by selected countries 1937-1945

    • statista.com
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    Statista, WWII: number of people mobilized by selected countries 1937-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1342260/wwii-mobilization-by-country/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    Over the course of the Second World War approximately 127.2 million people were mobilized. The world's population in 1940 was roughly 2.3 billion, meaning that between five and six percent of the world was drafted into the military in some capacity. Approximately one in every 25 people mobilized were women, who generally served in an administrative or medical role, although hundreds of thousands of women did see active combat. Largest armies In absolute numbers, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest number of people at just under 34.5 million, and this included roughly 35 percent of the USSR's male population. By the war's end, more Soviets were mobilized than all European Axis powers combined. However, in relative terms, it was Germany who mobilized the largest share of its male population, with approximately 42 percent of men serving. The USSR was forced to find a balance between reinforcing its frontlines and maintaining agricultural and military production to supply its army (in addition to those in annexed territory after 1941), whereas a large share of soldiers taken from the German workforce were replaced by workers drafted or forcibly taken from other countries (including concentration camp prisoners and PoWs). Studying the figures The figures given in these statistics are a very simplified and rounded overview - in reality, there were many nuances in the number of people who were effectively mobilized for each country, their roles, and their status as auxiliary, collaborative, or resistance forces. The British Empire is the only power where distinctions are made between the metropole and its colonies or territories, whereas breakdowns of those who fought in other parts of Asia or Africa remains unclear. Additionally, when comparing this data with total fatalities, it is important to account for the civilian death toll, i.e. those who were not mobilized.

  3. World War II - Dataset - NTG Open Data Portal

    • data.nt.gov.au
    Updated Sep 5, 2019
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    nt.gov.au (2019). World War II - Dataset - NTG Open Data Portal [Dataset]. https://data.nt.gov.au/dataset/world-war-ii
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 5, 2019
    Dataset provided by
    Northern Territory Governmenthttp://nt.gov.au/
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    World
    Description

    Northern Territory Library's World War II collection includes unique objects, documents and records that help to illustrate what life was like in wartime in the Northern Territory. The dataset includes metadata describing the items, including permalinks to items in Territory Stories https://territorystories.nt.gov.au/.

  4. WWII: share of total population lost per country 1939-1945

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). WWII: share of total population lost per country 1939-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1351638/second-world-war-share-total-population-loss/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    It is estimated that the Second World War was responsible for the deaths of approximately 3.76 percent of the world's population between 1939 and 1945. In 2022, where the world's population reached eight billion, this would be equal to the death of around 300 million people.

    The region that experienced the largest loss of life relative to its population was the South Seas Mandate - these were former-German territories given to the Empire of Japan through the Treaty of Versailles following WWI, and they make up much of the present-day countries of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, the Northern Mariana Islands (U.S. territory), and Palau. Due to the location and strategic importance of these islands, they were used by the Japanese as launching pads for their attacks on Pearl Harbor and in the South Pacific, while they were also taken as part of the Allies' island-hopping strategy in their counteroffensive against Japan. This came at a heavy cost for the local populations, a large share of whom were Japanese settlers who had moved there in the 1920s and 1930s. Exact figures for both pre-war populations and wartime losses fluctuate by source, however civilian losses in these islands were extremely high as the Japanese defenses resorted to more extreme measures in the war's final phase.

  5. World War II Enlistment and Casualty Records, United States, 1941-1945

    • icpsr.umich.edu
    ascii, delimited +5
    Updated Apr 2, 2024
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    Ferrara, Andreas (2024). World War II Enlistment and Casualty Records, United States, 1941-1945 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR38927.v1
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    delimited, stata, r, ascii, spss, qualitative data, sasAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 2, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Researchhttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/pages/
    Authors
    Ferrara, Andreas
    License

    https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/38927/termshttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/38927/terms

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 1941 - Dec 31, 1945
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The World War II Enlistment and Casualty Records data set contains individual-level information on soldiers who were drafted or volunteered for service in the U.S. armed forces during World War II. The repository consists of three files: The digitized list of fallen soldiers who served in the U.S. Army or Army Air Force by name, state, and county of residence (300,131 observations) The digitized list of fallen soldiers who served in the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard by name, state, and county of residence (65,507 observations) The World War II Army and Army Air Force Enlistment records which were merged with the list of fallen soldiers (8,293,187 observations)

  6. d

    Post World War II Areas

    • catalog.data.gov
    • data.tempe.gov
    • +11more
    Updated Sep 20, 2024
    + more versions
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    City of Tempe (2024). Post World War II Areas [Dataset]. https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/post-world-war-ii-areas-37523
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 20, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    City of Tempe
    Description

    The contents of this feature layer provide a visual aid for homes constructed during the period between 1945 to 1960. Data supporting the visual aids list which neighborhood these post World War II homes resides in, the style of the homes, along with its condition and integrity.The Historic Preservation Office works with the community to preserve these homes by enhancing archaeological, prehistoric, and historic resources throughout the City of Tempe. This work includes a wide range of partnerships with local homeowners, neighborhoods, developers/architects, boards/commissions, state and national agencies, as well as volunteer and non-profit preservation groupsContact: Will DukeContact E-Mail: will_duke@tempe.govContact Phone: N/ALink: N/AData Source: SQL Server/ArcGIS ServerData Source Type: GeospatialPreparation Method: N/APublish Frequency: As information changesPublish Method: AutomaticData Dictionary

  7. T

    WWII Veterans by State, FY2023

    • datahub.va.gov
    • data.va.gov
    Updated May 6, 2024
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    National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics (2024). WWII Veterans by State, FY2023 [Dataset]. https://www.datahub.va.gov/dataset/WWII-Veterans-by-State-FY2023/76zg-mjxm
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    csv, application/rdfxml, xml, kmz, application/geo+json, tsv, application/rssxml, kmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 6, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics
    Description

    VetPop2020 projected number of Veterans who served in World War II by state for fiscal year 2023.

  8. WWII: share of civilian and military fatalities 1939-1945, by country

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). WWII: share of civilian and military fatalities 1939-1945, by country [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1351474/second-world-war-civilian-military-fatalities-per-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    The 20th century marked a new trend in the recording of war fatalities, where more attention was given to the impact of conflicts on civilian populations, and not just the military. During the Second World War, the extent of the atrocities committed, the large-scale bombing campaigns, and the various famines resulting from the war meant that the scope of the civilian death toll took place was unprecedented - the likes of which had never been seen before, or since. Almost two thirds of all deaths due to the Second World War were of civilians, yet the ratio of military to civilian deaths varied greatly by country. Many British dominions and the United States suffered little to no civilian deaths as they were not located in an active theater of war - civilian fatalities largely came from naval or aerial attacks (such as at Pearl Harbor). In contrast, there were several European colonies in the Asia-Pacific region where all, or at least 95 percent, of total fatalities were among civilians - some of these regions suffered millions of deaths due to famine and atrocities.

  9. WWII: share of the male population mobilized by selected countries 1937-1945...

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). WWII: share of the male population mobilized by selected countries 1937-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1342462/wwii-share-male-mobilization-by-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    During the Second World War, the three Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Finland mobilized the largest share of their male population. For the Allies, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest share of men, as well as the largest total army of any country, but it was restricted in its ability to mobilize more due to the impact this would have on its economy. Other notable statistics come from the British Empire, where a larger share of men were drafted from Dominions than from the metropole, and there is also a discrepancy between the share of the black and white populations from South Africa.

    However, it should be noted that there were many external factors from the war that influenced these figures. For example, gender ratios among the adult populations of many European countries was already skewed due to previous conflicts of the 20th century (namely WWI and the Russian Revolution), whereas the share of the male population eligible to fight in many Asian and African countries was lower than more demographically developed societies, as high child mortality rates meant that the average age of the population was much lower.

  10. i

    Grant Giving Statistics for Ww Ii War Museum

    • instrumentl.com
    Updated Mar 2, 2021
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    (2021). Grant Giving Statistics for Ww Ii War Museum [Dataset]. https://www.instrumentl.com/990-report/national-world-war-ii-museum-inc
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 2, 2021
    Variables measured
    Total Assets, Total Giving, Average Grant Amount
    Description

    Financial overview and grant giving statistics of Ww Ii War Museum

  11. Hydrographic and Impairment Statistics Database: WWII

    • catalog.data.gov
    Updated Jun 5, 2024
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    National Park Service (2024). Hydrographic and Impairment Statistics Database: WWII [Dataset]. https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/hydrographic-and-impairment-statistics-database-wwii
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 5, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    National Park Servicehttp://www.nps.gov/
    Description

    (Note: 2/8/17, updated title and unit link to use the current unit code of WWII) Hydrographic and Impairment Statistics (HIS) is a National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division (WRD) project established to track certain goals created in response to the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). One water resources management goal established by the Department of the Interior under GRPA requires NPS to track the percent of its managed surface waters that are meeting Clean Water Act (CWA) water quality standards. This goal requires an accurate inventory that spatially quantifies the surface water hydrography that each bureau manages and a procedure to determine and track which waterbodies are or are not meeting water quality standards as outlined by Section 303(d) of the CWA. This project helps meet this DOI GRPA goal by inventorying and monitoring in a geographic information system for the NPS: (1) CWA 303(d) quality impaired waters and causes; and (2) hydrographic statistics based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Hydrographic and 303(d) impairment statistics were evaluated based on a combination of 1:24,000 (NHD) and finer scale data (frequently provided by state GIS layers).

  12. Projected number of living U.S. WWII veterans until 2036

    • statista.com
    Updated Sep 2, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Projected number of living U.S. WWII veterans until 2036 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1333701/us-military-ww2-veterans-living-estimate/
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 2, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    As of 2021, there were over 200,000 living United States veterans who served in the Second World War. The Department of Veteran Affairs projects that the number of living veterans will decline rapidly in the fifteen years until 2036, at which point just a few hundred Americans who served in the war will be still alive. The passing of the "Greatest Generation" is seen as symbolic by some, as for many people they represented the era when the United States' power on the world stage was at its greatest. The Second World war is particularly remembered as a "just" war in the U.S., as the United States was seen as fighting for democracy and self-determination, and against the tyrannies of Fascism, Nazism, and Japanese Imperialism.

    The United States' involvement in the Second World War

    World War II marked the peak in military enlistments in U.S. history, with over 16 million service members serving worldwide during the conflict. The U.S. joined the war in 1941 due to Imperial Japan's attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, before joining the European theater of the war in 1944 during the Invasion of Normandy. The U.S. military played a vital role in the defeat of Nazi Germany on the Western Front in May 1945, while the Soviet Red Army defeated the Wehrmacht in the East. The U.S. was also vital in the defeat of Fascist Italy, as they had led an allied invasion force onto the Italian peninsula from Northern Africa in September 1943. The final action of the war took place in the Asian theater of war, as Imperial Japan was the last of the Axis powers to concede defeat to the Allies. The United States effectively ended the war with the dropping of two nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, leading to as many as a quarter of a million deaths. It remains to this day the sole use of atomic weapons in an active conflict.

  13. i

    Grant Giving Statistics for The World War II Foundation

    • instrumentl.com
    Updated Oct 18, 2021
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    (2021). Grant Giving Statistics for The World War II Foundation [Dataset]. https://www.instrumentl.com/990-report/world-war-ii-foundation-cda07b9b-2b64-49ce-9b44-565072cba932
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 18, 2021
    Variables measured
    Total Assets, Total Giving
    Description

    Financial overview and grant giving statistics of The World War II Foundation

  14. e

    Statistical data on the surveillance by dispensary of World War II invalids,...

    • data.europa.eu
    excel xls, excel xlsx
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    Statistical data on the surveillance by dispensary of World War II invalids, international soldiers, World War II participants and other contingents [Dataset]. https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/5088-date-statistice-privind-supravegherea-prin-dispensarizare-a-invalizilor-ai-razboiului-al-ii-mon
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    excel xlsx, excel xlsAvailable download formats
    Area covered
    World
    Description

    Statistical data on the surveillance by dispensary of World War II invalids, international soldiers, World War II participants and other contingents

  15. O

    World War II historic places in Queensland

    • data.qld.gov.au
    csv, json
    Updated Apr 2, 2025
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    Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation (2025). World War II historic places in Queensland [Dataset]. https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/world-war-ii-historic-places-in-queensland
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    csv(1.5 MiB), csv(194.2 KiB), json(312.5 KiB)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Environment, Tourism, Science and Innovation
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Queensland, World
    Description

    Information about places in Queensland with historical significance to World War II.

  16. j

    Data from: Dataset of timber volume consumed in Japan before WW2 (1880-)

    • jstagedata.jst.go.jp
    txt
    Updated Jul 27, 2023
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    Keito Mineo; Koji Matsushita (2023). Dataset of timber volume consumed in Japan before WW2 (1880-) [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.50853/data.jjfs.15065079.v1
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    txtAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 27, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Japanese Forest Society
    Authors
    Keito Mineo; Koji Matsushita
    License

    Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    Original data and Cubic meter conversion of timber volume consumed in Japan before WW2 (1880-)The numerical values for timber volume are originally presented in Japanese traditional unit, 1000 koku ("koku" is pronounced also as "goku"), where 1 koku is converted to 0.2783 m3.

  17. WWII: Japanese military deaths 1937-1945, by region

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). WWII: Japanese military deaths 1937-1945, by region [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1353017/wwii-japan-military-deaths-region/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    APAC
    Description

    The Empire of Japan's military losses in the Second World War are estimated to exceed 2.5 million men. For Japan, the costliest front in the Pacific theater was the battle against the United States in the Philippines, closely followed by its invasion of China, known as the Second Sino-Japanese War. After 1941, the Imperial Japanese Army was simultaneously stretched across several frontlines in the Pacific theater, and this was one contributing factor to their eventual defeat as reinforcing and supplying various armies across these fronts was unfeasible in the long-term.

  18. Records About Japanese Americans Relocated During World War II

    • catalog.data.gov
    Updated Nov 7, 2024
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    National Archives and Records Administration (2024). Records About Japanese Americans Relocated During World War II [Dataset]. https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/records-about-japanese-americans-relocated-during-world-war-ii
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 7, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    National Archives and Records Administrationhttp://www.archives.gov/
    Area covered
    United States, World
    Description

    This series contains personal descriptive data about Japanese Americans evacuated from the states of Washington, Oregon, and California to ten relocation centers operated by the War Relocation Authority during World War II in the states of California (Tule Lake and Manzanar Centers), Idaho (Minidoka Center), Utah (Central Utah Center), Colorado (Granada Center), Arizona (Colorado River and Gila River Centers), Wyoming (Heart Mountain Center), and Arkansas (Rohwer and Jerome Centers). Each record represents an individual and includes the name; relocation project and assembly center to which assigned; previous address; birthplace of parents; occupation of father; education; foreign residence; indication of military service, public assistance, pensions, and physical defects; sex and marital status; race of evacuee and spouse; year of birth; age; birthplace; indication of the holding of an alien registration number and/or Social Security number, and whether the evacuee attended Japanese language school; highest grade completed; language proficiency; occupations; and religion.

  19. Z

    OW WW2 dataset

    • data.niaid.nih.gov
    • zenodo.org
    Updated Apr 4, 2023
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    Teleti, Praveen (2023). OW WW2 dataset [Dataset]. https://data.niaid.nih.gov/resources?id=zenodo_7781107
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 4, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Hawkins, Ed
    Teleti, Praveen
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    OW WW2 dataset

  20. i

    Grant Giving Statistics for World War II Veterans of Ludlow Kentucky...

    • instrumentl.com
    Updated Jul 7, 2021
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    (2021). Grant Giving Statistics for World War II Veterans of Ludlow Kentucky Incorporated [Dataset]. https://www.instrumentl.com/990-report/world-war-ii-veterans-of-ludlow-kentucky-incorporated
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 7, 2021
    Area covered
    Ludlow, Kentucky, World
    Variables measured
    Total Assets, Total Giving
    Description

    Financial overview and grant giving statistics of World War II Veterans of Ludlow Kentucky Incorporated

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Statista (2022). Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293510/second-world-war-fatalities-per-country/
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Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945

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13 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Apr 4, 2022
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Area covered
World
Description

Estimates for the total death count of the Second World War generally range somewhere between 70 and 85 million people. The Soviet Union suffered the highest number of fatalities of any single nation, with estimates mostly falling between 22 and 27 million deaths. China then suffered the second greatest, at around 20 million, although these figures are less certain and often overlap with the Chinese Civil War. Over 80 percent of all deaths were of those from Allied countries, and the majority of these were civilians. In contrast, 15 to 20 percent were among the Axis powers, and the majority of these were military deaths, as shown in the death ratios of Germany and Japan. Civilian deaths and atrocities It is believed that 60 to 67 percent of all deaths were civilian fatalities, largely resulting from war-related famine or disease, and war crimes or atrocities. Systematic genocide, extermination campaigns, and forced labor, particularly by the Germans, Japanese, and Soviets, led to the deaths of millions. In this regard, Nazi activities alone resulted in 17 million deaths, including six million Jews in what is now known as The Holocaust. Not only was the scale of the conflict larger than any that had come before, but the nature of and reasoning behind this loss make the Second World War stand out as one of the most devastating and cruelest conflicts in history. Problems with these statistics Although the war is considered by many to be the defining event of the 20th century, exact figures for death tolls have proven impossible to determine, for a variety of reasons. Countries such as the U.S. have fairly consistent estimates due to preserved military records and comparatively few civilian casualties, although figures still vary by source. For most of Europe, records are less accurate. Border fluctuations and the upheaval of the interwar period mean that pre-war records were already poor or non-existent for many regions. The rapid and chaotic nature of the war then meant that deaths could not be accurately recorded at the time, and mass displacement or forced relocation resulted in the deaths of many civilians outside of their homeland, which makes country-specific figures more difficult to find. Early estimates of the war’s fatalities were also taken at face value and formed the basis of many historical works; these were often very inaccurate, but the validity of the source means that the figures continue to be cited today, despite contrary evidence.

In comparison to Europe, estimate ranges are often greater across Asia, where populations were larger but pre-war data was in short supply. Many of the Asian countries with high death tolls were European colonies, and the actions of authorities in the metropoles, such as the diversion of resources from Asia to Europe, led to millions of deaths through famine and disease. Additionally, over one million African soldiers were drafted into Europe’s armies during the war, yet individual statistics are unavailable for most of these colonies or successor states (notably Algeria and Libya). Thousands of Asian and African military deaths went unrecorded or are included with European or Japanese figures, and there are no reliable figures for deaths of millions from countries across North Africa or East Asia. Additionally, many concentration camp records were destroyed, and such records in Africa and Asia were even sparser than in Europe. While the Second World War is one of the most studied academic topics of the past century, it is unlikely that we will ever have a clear number for the lives lost in the conflict.

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