View market daily updates and historical trends for 10-2 Year Treasury Yield Spread. from United States. Source: Department of the Treasury. Track economi…

The yield on France 10Y Bond Yield rose to 3.49% on December 1, 2025, marking a 0.07 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.04 points and is 0.57 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. France 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on India 10Y Bond Yield eased to 6.52% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.06 percentage points decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.03 points and is 0.24 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. India 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on Germany 10Y Bond Yield eased to 2.70% on November 21, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage points decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.14 points and is 0.44 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Germany 10-Year Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on November of 2025.

About the Dataset

The datasets used in this analysis are historical data on investment assets and instruments (Bitcoin, Gold, Silver, NASDAQ, S&P 500, Crude Oil, and US 10-Year Treasury Bond) which were gotten from reputable and credible sources and were also compared with other publicly available sources for data integrity and consistency.

• Bitcoin_5_23_2010-7_22_2010_historical_data_coinmarketcap from coinmarketcap compared against historical data on bitcoin (BTC) from coingecko.
• Crude_Oil_Sep_23_CL_F_Yahoo_Finance from YahooFinance. Tradingview data for crude oil was gotten using the crude oil futures of the NYMEX exchange.
• Gold_Dec_23_GC_F_Yahoo_Finance from YahooFinance. Tradingview data for gold was gotten using the gold futures of the COMEX exchange.
• NASDAQ_Composite_Yahoo_Finance^IXIC from YahooFinance.
• S&P_500_^GSPC_Yahoo_Finance from YahooFinance.
• Silver_Sep_23_SI_F_Yahoo_Finance from YahooFinance. Tradingview data for silver was gotten using the silver futures of the COMEX exchange.
• Treasury_Yield_10_Years_^TNX_Yahoo_Finance from YahooFinance. Tradingview data for the US 10yrs treasury yield was gotten using the US Government Bonds 10 YR Yield of the TVC exchange, also days without active trade data were taken as the opening of the next days active trading data.

Source Credibility

Yahoo Finance is a trusted financial data provider, they provide extensive financial data for informational purposes only and not as investment and trading advice, you can read more on their data disclaimer from data disclaimer. All data gotten from YahooFinance can be validated through tradingview, albeit, a free account will mean manual validation, this source was also consulted to fill up missing datapoints during cleaning.

CoinMarketCap provides accurate, timely, and unbiased data for cryptoassets. They always over-provide data (as opposed to censoring and policing information) and let users draw their own conclusions. They also actively listen to feedback/requests from users to enrich the quality of the data on our website. You can find an extensive description of the methodology employed in providing the data they provide here. CoinmarketCap's data disclaimer can also be found here.

PS: Image Source

The yield on Spain 10Y Bond Yield rose to 3.24% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.08 points and is 0.49 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Spain 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on Australia 10Y Bond Yield rose to 4.63% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.07 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.28 points and is 0.33 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Australia 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on Vietnam 10Y Bond Yield rose to 4.06% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.10 points and is 1.18 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Vietnam 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on Poland 10Y Bond Yield rose to 5.21% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.15 points and is 0.38 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Poland 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Gold dataset is created by calling API from Fred and Yahoo Finance. It contains 4517 rows x 11 columns: 1.Unnamed: 0 →

Likely represents the Date of observation.

Format: MM/DD/YYYY.

2.Gold →

The gold price in U.S. dollars per troy ounce.

Gold is a safe-haven asset often used to hedge against inflation and currency risk.

3.USD_Index →

The U.S. Dollar Index (DXY).

Measures the value of the U.S. dollar against a basket of six major currencies (EUR, JPY, GBP, CAD, SEK, CHF).

Used to gauge dollar strength globally.

4.Oil →

The crude oil price in U.S. dollars per barrel.

Likely West Texas Intermediate (WTI) benchmark.

Important for global energy markets and inflation.

5.Silver →

The silver price in U.S. dollars per troy ounce.

Like gold, silver is a precious metal used both as an investment and in industry.

6.SP500 →

The S&P 500 Index.

A stock market index that tracks the performance of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the U.S.

A key indicator of overall U.S. stock market performance.

7.Bitcoin →

The Bitcoin price in U.S. dollars.

First decentralized cryptocurrency, highly volatile.

Note: Missing data before 2011 since Bitcoin did not exist in markets before then.

8.Interest_Rate →

The U.S. Federal Funds Effective Rate (%).

The short-term interest rate at which banks lend to each other overnight.

Set by the Federal Reserve as a key monetary policy tool.

9.10Y_Treasury_Yield →

The yield (%) on U.S. Treasury Bonds with a 10-year maturity.

Reflects government borrowing costs and investor expectations for inflation and growth.

Often seen as the “risk-free rate” benchmark.

10.Inflation_CPI →

The Consumer Price Index (CPI).

Measures the average change in prices paid by consumers for goods and services (inflation indicator).

Higher CPI → higher inflation.

11.Unemployment →

The U.S. unemployment rate (%).

Measures the percentage of the labor force that is jobless but actively seeking work.

Key economic health indicator.

Replication files for "Differences from Differencing: Should Local Projections with Observed Shocks be Estimated in Levels or Differences?" Jeremy Piger and Thomas Stockwell, 2025, Journal of Applied Econometrics.

Matlab Programs

There are three Matlab programs in this repository:

LP_MonteCarlo_Final.m - This is the primary program for conducting the simulations reported in the paper. Using this code, one can replicates Figures 1-2, 4-5, and 7-17

LPIV_MonteCarlo_Final.m - This is the program to conduct simulations using LP-IV. Replicates Figure 19

Application_Jarocinski_Karadi_Shock_Final.m - This is the program to produce results for the application. Replicates Figure 20

Data Files

The Matlab programs collectively use three data files, contained in the “Data” folder:

GDPC1.csv - Data file containing U.S. real GDP, 1947:Q1 - 2024:3, FRED code: GDPC1.

CEE_VAR_Data.csv - contains ten quarterly series necessary to construct the nine variables used to estimate the Christiano, Eichenbaum and Evans (2005) 9-variable VAR:

1) GDPC1 = U.S. real GDP, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: GDPC1 2) PCEC96 = U.S. real personal consumption expenditures, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: PCEC96 3) GPDEF = U.S. GDP implicit price deflator, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: GDPDEF 4) GPDIC1 = U.S. real gross private domestic investment, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: GPDIC1 5) COMPNFB = Nonfarm business sector: hourly compensation for all workers, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: COMPNFB 6) PRS85006023 = Nonfarm business sector: average weekly hours for all workers, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: PRS85006023 7) OPHNFB = Nonfarm business sector: labor productivity (output per hour) for all workers, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: OPHNFB 8) FEDFUNDS = Federal funds effective rate, 1954:Q3 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: FEDFUNDS 9) CP = Corporate profits after tax, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: CP 10) M2SL = M2 monetary aggregate, 1947:Q1 - 2024:Q3, FRED code: M2SL

application_data.csv - contains seven monthly series used for the application:

1) indpro = U.S. industrial production index, Jan. 1989-Sep. 2024, FRED code: INDPRO 2) CPI = U.S. consumer price index, Jan. 1989-Sep. 2024, FRED code: CPIAUCSL 3) 1yrTreasury = Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 1-Year Constant Maturity, Jan. 1989-Sep. 2024, FRED code: DGS1 4) SP500 = S&P 500 Index, Jan. 1989-Sep. 2024, Yahoo Finance code GSPC and FRED code: SP500 5) EBP = Gilchrist and Zakrajsek (2012, AER) Excess Bond Premium, Jan 1989-Sep.2024, obtained from the dataset provided for Bauer and Swanson (2023, NBER Macro Annual) on Michael Bauer’s website: https://www.michaeldbauer.com/research/. 6) MP_median = Jarocinski and Karadi (2020, AEJ Macro) U.S. monetary policy shock, Feb. 1990-Sep. 2024, obtained from: https://marekjarocinski.github.io/jkshocks/jkshocks.html 7) CBI_median = Jarocinski and Karadi (2020, AEJ Macro) U.S. central bank information shock, Feb. 1990-Sep. 2024, obtained from: https://marekjarocinski.github.io/jkshocks/jkshocks.html

View data of the effective yield of an index of non-investment grade publically issued corporate debt in the U.S.

The yield on Indonesia 10Y Bond Yield held steady at 6.31% on December 1, 2025. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.13 points, though it remains 0.57 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Indonesia 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on Hong Kong 10Y Bond Yield rose to 2.96% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.03 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.01 points, though it remains 0.27 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Hong Kong 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on United Kingdom 10Y Bond Yield rose to 4.51% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.07 points and is 0.26 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. UK 10 Year Gilt Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on Israel 10Y Bond Yield rose to 3.96% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage points increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.05 points, though it remains 0.61 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Israel 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The yield on Singapore 10Y Bond Yield eased to 2.15% on December 2, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage points decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.21 points, though it remains 0.54 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Singapore 10Y Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.