This dataset was generated by parsing PDFs released by the US Treasury for foreign exchange. An edited version (quarterly-edited.csv) includes fixes for typos in the Treasury data.

Usage caveats from the documentation:

"Exceptions to using the reporting rates as shown in the report are: * collections and refunds to be valued at specified rates set by international agreements, * conversions of one foreign currency into another, * foreign currencies sold for dollars, and * other types of transactions affecting dollar appropriations. (See Volume I Treasury Financial Manual 2-3200 for further details.)

Since the exchange rates in this report are not current rates of exchange, they should not be used to value transactions affecting dollar appropriations."

Additional caveats:

This unified dataset should be used only for reference or ballpark estimation, and not for anything like automated valuation. The reason is because there's still a lot of messiness involving countries and changing units- when in doubt or if required, please do additional research to confirm the historical rates are indeed as stated.

Future plans:

• Clean this up so that it can indeed be used in an automated system for converting currencies
• Fill in the missing entries
• Standardize country names and currency names

Documentation

Source

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.17 USD recorded at the end of June 27, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year. Establishment The euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of 19 countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita. Euro to USD Between 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

This table contains 45 series, with data for years 1950 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2016-01-05. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Type of currency (45 items: United States dollar; noon spot rate; average; Danish krone; noon spot rate; average; French franc; noon spot rate; average; Belgian franc; noon spot rate; average ...).

This table contains 27 series, with data starting from 1981 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Type of currency (27 items: Australian dollar, monthly average; Brazilian real, monthly average; Chinese renminbi, monthly average; European euro, monthly average; ...).

One United States dollar was worth over ****** Indonesian rupiah in May 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

The G.5A annual release contains yearly average rates of exchange of major currencies against the U.S. dollar. Averages are based on daily noon buying rates for cable transfers in New York City certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Graph and download economic data for Taiwan Dollars to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (AEXTAUS) from 1983 to 2024 about Taiwan, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 185.541 USD/EUR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 185.336 USD/EUR for 2024. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 161.340 USD/EUR from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 223.936 USD/EUR in 2001 and a record low of 135.186 USD/EUR in 1992. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 37.334 USD/EUR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 37.292 USD/EUR for 2024. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 34.565 USD/EUR from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.059 USD/EUR in 2001 and a record low of 27.566 USD/EUR in 2008. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belgium – Table BE.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 25,623.515 USD/VND in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 25,052.517 USD/VND for 2024. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 15,990.712 USD/VND from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25,623.515 USD/VND in 2025 and a record low of 78.859 USD/VND in 1987. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

The EUR/USD exchange rate fell to 1.1663 on July 14, 2025, down 0.21% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 0.88%, and is up by 7.02% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Concept: For the sake of time series organization, exchange rates have been grouped in two segments: I – Administered or free rates, covering the whole period since 1899, and II – Floating rates, which have been in place in the period of January 1989 to January 1999 and coexisted with the first segment. I – Administered or free exchange rates Available since 1899. In this period covered by the time series a great diversity of foreign exchange policies have been adopted. During some times, exchange rates were fixed (i.e. administered) by the monetary authorities, whereas in other times rates were freely agreed by market participants (i.e. they were free) and there were even times when both administered and free rates have existed at the same time. It should also be emphasized that between 1953 and 1961 a system of multiple exchange rates have been in place. For these time series the following kinds of exchange rates have been considered: - From January 1899 to January 1953 – administered rates; - From February 1953 to October 1961 – free rates, coming from the Exchange Portfolio of the Banco do Brasil. In this period administered rates have also been in place, with sell rates fixed on: CR$ 18,72, from Feb/1953 to Jul/1953; CR$ 18,82, from Aug/1953 to Dec/1958; and CR$ 18,92, from Jan/1959 to Feb/1961. In the beginning of the period most transactions were channeled through the administered rates system. As time went by, the number of transactions going through the free rates system grew. - From November 1961 to February 1990 – administered rates; and - From March 1990 onwards, free rates (Resolution 1.690 from 18.3.1990). The corresponding time series are the following ones: - Commercial dollar (sell and buy) – daily rates Available from 28.11.1984 onwards, refers to administered rates up to March 13th 1990 and to free rates from this date on (Resolution 1.690 from 18.3.1990). Administered rates are the ones fixed by the Central Bank. Free rates are the average of the rates of transactions effectively closed in the interbank market, weighted by the volume of sell transactions in the day. Outliers and rates presenting evidence of manipulation or other violations of the generally accepted market practices are excluded from the calculation. From March 1992 on, this rate was named PTAX. The series “American dollar – buy and sell – end of period” and “American dollar – buy and sell – period average” are derived respectively from these buy and sell daily rates. - American dollar – end of period Refers to the dollar administered rates expressed in Mil-réis for the period 1899-1941. The Mil-réis/dollar rates for the period 1899-1921 were computed from the pound/dollar parity. Discontinued in 1941. - American dollar (buy and sell) – end of period Annual rates are available from 1942 on and monthly rates from January 1953 on. End of period values correspond to the daily rate of the reference period´s last day. - American dollar (buy and sell) – period average Annual rates are available from 1942 on and monthly rates from January 1953 on. Buy and sell average rates are computed from the reference period daily rates. Monthly and annual rates were computed based on the running days of the reference up until December 1973. From January 1974 on, rates were weighted by the working days. II – Floating exchange rates Created by the Resolution 1.552 from 22.12.1988, this segment of the exchange market allowed markets participants to freely agree on the price of the foreign currency being negotiated. It initially covered only transactions related to international travel motivated by tourism, business, education and health. Later, other kinds of transactions were incorporated in the segment, such as gold, Brazilian investments abroad, unilateral transfers and some services. On 31.1.1999 this segment was terminated and the free and floating rates were merged. Series related to this segment are the following: - Tourism dollar (sell) Daily rates in the floating rate segment, available for the period between 27.5.1993 to 29.1.1999. The computation of this rate takes into account transactions in the interbank market weighted by the volume of sell transactions. Outliers and rates presenting evidence of manipulation or other violations of the generally accepted market practices are excluded from the computation. The series “American dollar – buy and sell – end of period” and “American dollar – buy and sell – period average” are derived respectively from these buy and sell daily rates. - American dollar (buy and sell) – end of period Rates for the last day of the reference period, computed for both buy and sell transactions. - American dollar (buy and sell) – period average Average of the daily rates of the reference period (month or year), computed for buy and sell transactions, weighted by the number of working days. Source: Central Bank Information System – PTAX800 transaction 10813-exchange-rate---free---united-states-dollar-buy 10813-exchange-rate---free---united-states-dollar-buy

Costa Rica CR: Official Rate: Period Average: National Currency per USD data was reported at 515.110 USD/CRC in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 544.051 USD/CRC for 2023. Costa Rica CR: Official Rate: Period Average: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 62.776 USD/CRC from Dec 1950 (Median) to 2024, with 75 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 647.136 USD/CRC in 2022 and a record low of 5.615 USD/CRC in 1960. Costa Rica CR: Official Rate: Period Average: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.IMF.IFS: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 0.542 USD/EUR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.541 USD/EUR for 2024. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.495 USD/EUR from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.643 USD/EUR in 2001 and a record low of 0.400 USD/EUR in 2008. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cyprus – Table CY.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

Graph and download economic data for Hong Kong Dollars to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (AEXHKUS) from 1981 to 2024 about Hong Kong, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Laos Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 19,959.347 USD/LAK in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,688.874 USD/LAK for 2023. Laos Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 8,125.989 USD/LAK from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2024, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19,959.347 USD/LAK in 2024 and a record low of 187.500 USD/LAK in 1987. Laos Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

This Dataset contains Yearly Annual Average Exchange Rates of the Indian Rupee Vis-a-Vis the SDR, US Dollar, Pound Sterling, Deutsche Mark/Euro and Japanese Yen

Notes: 1) The exchange rate for Japanese Yen is in Rupees per 100 Yen. 2) Data from 1982 to 1992 are based on official exchange rates. 3) Data from 1993 onwards are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates. 4) Data are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates till April 2012. RBI reference rates are used w.e. f. May 2012. 5) The Euro replaced the Deutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999. 6)Financial Benchmarks India Private Limited (FBIL) commenced dissemination of reference rates w.e.f July 10, 2018

Forex: Year End: Korean Won to Japanese Yen data was reported at 9.491 KRW/JPY in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.368 KRW/JPY for 2016. Forex: Year End: Korean Won to Japanese Yen data is updated yearly, averaging 7.907 KRW/JPY from Dec 1977 (Median) to 2017, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.852 KRW/JPY in 2011 and a record low of 2.017 KRW/JPY in 1977. Forex: Year End: Korean Won to Japanese Yen data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Bank of Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.M006: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Interactive historical chart showing the daily Euro - U.S. Dollar (EURUSD) exchange rate back to 1999.