19 datasets found
  1. T

    Japan Inflation Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • zh.tradingeconomics.com
    • +17more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Mar 21, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). Japan Inflation Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/inflation-cpi
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    csv, json, excel, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 21, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 31, 1958 - Feb 28, 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    Inflation Rate in Japan decreased to 3.70 percent in February from 4 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  2. Inflation rate in Japan 2029

    • statista.com
    • flwrdeptvarieties.store
    Updated Nov 28, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Inflation rate in Japan 2029 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/270095/inflation-rate-in-japan/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 28, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    In 2023, Japan had an average inflation rate estimated at 3.21 percent, marking the highest rate of inflation in Japan in almost a decade. However, this figure was still very low compared to most other major economies, such as Japan's fellow G7 members, four of which had inflation rates around six or seven percent in 2023 due to the global inflation crisis. Why is Japan's inflation rate lower? There are a number of contributing factors to Japan's relatively low inflation rate, even during economic crises. Japan eased its Covid restrictions more slowly than most other major economies, this prevented post-pandemic consumer spending that may have driven inflation through supply chain issues caused by higher demand. As the majority of Japan's food and energy comes from overseas, and has done so for decades, the government has mechanisms in place to prevent energy and wheat prices from rising too quickly. Because of this, Japan was able to shield its private sector from many of the negative knock on effects from Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which had a significant impact on both sectors globally. Persistent deflation and national debt An additional factor that has eased the impact of inflation on Japan's economy is the fact that it experienced deflation before the pandemic. Deflation has been a persistent problem in Japan since the asset price bubble burst in 1992, and has been symptomatic of Japan's staggering national debt thereafter. For almost 30 years, a combination of quantitative easing, low interest rates (below 0.5 percent since 1995, and at -0.1% since 2016), and a lack of spending due to low wages and an aging population have combined to give Japan the highest national debt in the world in absolute terms, and second-highest debt in relation to its GDP, after Venezuela. Despite this soaring debt, Japan remains the fourth-largest economy in the world, behind the U.S., China, and Germany.

  3. T

    Japan Core Inflation Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • sv.tradingeconomics.com
    • +17more
    csv, excel, json, xml
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    TRADING ECONOMICS, Japan Core Inflation Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/core-inflation-rate
    Explore at:
    xml, json, excel, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 31, 1971 - Feb 28, 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    Core consumer prices in Japan increased 3 percent in February of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - Japan Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  4. Monthly inflation rate Japan 2019-2025

    • statista.com
    • flwrdeptvarieties.store
    Updated Mar 21, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly inflation rate Japan 2019-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/267235/monthly-inflation-rate-in-japan/
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 21, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jan 2019 - Feb 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    In February 2025, the inflation rate in Japan stood at 3.7 percent. The term inflation means the devaluation of money caused by a permanent increase of the price level for products (consumer goods, investment goods). The Consumer Price Index shows the price development for private expenses and shows the current level of inflation when increasing.

  5. T

    Japanese Yen Data

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • sv.tradingeconomics.com
    • +14more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Mar 27, 2025
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    Japanese Yen Data [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/currency
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    xml, csv, json, excelAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 27, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 4, 1971 - Mar 27, 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    The USDJPY decreased 0.3450 or 0.23% to 150.2290 on Thursday March 27 from 150.5740 in the previous trading session. Japanese Yen - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

  6. C

    Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign...

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Mar 10, 2025
    + more versions
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    CEICdata.com (2025). Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Japanese Yen [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/canada/ceic-nowcast-inflation-headline/inflation-nowcast-contribution-foreign-exchange-rates-foreign-exchange-rate-daily-average-japanese-yen
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 10, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 23, 2024 - Mar 10, 2025
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Japanese Yen data was reported at 0.000 % in 10 Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 03 Mar 2025. Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Japanese Yen data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 % from Jan 2019 (Median) to 10 Mar 2025, with 323 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.169 % in 10 Jun 2024 and a record low of 0.000 % in 10 Mar 2025. Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Japanese Yen data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Headline.

  7. Monthly effective exchange rate index of the Japanese yen 2020-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Feb 25, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly effective exchange rate index of the Japanese yen 2020-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1428871/japan-yen-effective-exchange-rate-index/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 25, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jan 2020 - Jan 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    The nominal effective exchange rate index of the Japanese yen stood at 73.87 points in January 2025. The real effective exchange rate index, which considers inflation in Japan and other economies, stood at 71.08 points.

  8. T

    Japan Interest Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ru.tradingeconomics.com
    • +17more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Mar 26, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). Japan Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/interest-rate
    Explore at:
    excel, xml, json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 26, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Oct 2, 1972 - Mar 19, 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  9. Daily pound to yen (GBP/JPY) SMA rates up to February 12, 2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Feb 13, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Daily pound to yen (GBP/JPY) SMA rates up to February 12, 2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1336427/gbp-jpy-sma-rates/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 13, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United Kingdom, Japan
    Description

    The 200-day pound to yen SMA continued to decline up to June 2024, as the Japanese currency continued to grow weaker. Most notably, investors left the pound after the UK announced its financial measures to combat inflation. The Simple Moving Average or SMA is a common metric used within stock and FX market analysis, and especially focuses on long-term trends. The 200-day SMA, especially, is considered very important, as it displays the average price of a stock or currency over the past 200 days (or 40 weeks of trading). If the price of the asset remains above this average, it is generally considered to be in an upwards trend.

  10. M

    Malaysia Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: FX...

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Mar 10, 2025
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    CEICdata.com (2025). Malaysia Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: FX Rate: Spot: BNM: Interbank Noon Middle Rate: Japanese Yen [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/malaysia/ceic-nowcast-inflation-core/core-inflation-nowcast-contribution-foreign-exchange-rates-fx-rate-spot-bnm-interbank-noon-middle-rate-japanese-yen
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Mar 10, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 23, 2024 - Mar 10, 2025
    Area covered
    Malaysia
    Description

    Malaysia Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: FX Rate: Spot: BNM: Interbank Noon Middle Rate: Japanese Yen data was reported at 0.000 % in 10 Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 03 Mar 2025. Malaysia Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: FX Rate: Spot: BNM: Interbank Noon Middle Rate: Japanese Yen data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 % from Oct 2020 (Median) to 10 Mar 2025, with 230 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.275 % in 10 Jul 2023 and a record low of 0.000 % in 10 Mar 2025. Malaysia Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: FX Rate: Spot: BNM: Interbank Noon Middle Rate: Japanese Yen data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Core.

  11. Annual effective exchange rate index of the Japanese yen 1990-2024

    • statista.com
    Updated Feb 27, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Annual effective exchange rate index of the Japanese yen 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1553705/japan-yen-annual-effective-exchange-rate-index/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 27, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    The nominal effective exchange rate index of the Japanese yen stood at 74.6 points in 2024. The real effective exchange rate index, which considers inflation in Japan and other economies, stood at around 70.8 points.

  12. Inflation rate in China 2014-2029

    • statista.com
    Updated Jan 9, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Inflation rate in China 2014-2029 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/270338/inflation-rate-in-china/
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    Dataset updated
    Jan 9, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    According to latest figures published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the average annual inflation rate in China ranged at around 0.2 percent in 2024 compared to the previous year. This was lower than formerly expected by the IMF. For 2025, projections by the IMF published in October 2024 expected the inflation rate to reach around 1.7 percent. The monthly inflation rate in China dropped to negative values in the second half of 2023 and remained comparatively low in 2024. Calculation of inflation The inflation rate is calculated based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for China. The CPI is computed using a product basket that contains a predefined range of products and services on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. Included are expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities, and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. The product basked is adjusted every five years to reflect changes in consumer preference and has been updated in 2020 for the last time. The inflation rate is then calculated using changes in the CPI. As the inflation of a country is seen as a key economic indicator, it is frequently used for international comparison. China's inflation in comparison Among the main industrialized and emerging economies worldwide, China displayed comparatively low inflation in 2023 and 2024. In previous years, China's inflation ranged marginally above the inflation rates of established industrialized powerhouses such as the United States or the European Union. However, this changed in 2021, as inflation rates in developed countries rose quickly, while prices in China only increased moderately. According to IMF estimates for 2024, Zimbabwe was expected to be the country with the highest inflation rate, with a consumer price increase of about 561 percent compared to 2023. In 2023, Turkmenistan had the lowest price increase worldwide with prices actually decreasing by about 1.7 percent.

  13. T

    Japan Money Supply M2

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ar.tradingeconomics.com
    • +16more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jan 13, 2024
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    Japan Money Supply M2 [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/money-supply-m2
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    excel, xml, json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 13, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 31, 1960 - Feb 28, 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    Money Supply M2 in Japan decreased to 1253104.40 JPY Billion in February from 1259441.70 JPY Billion in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Japan Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  14. Inflation rates in G7 countries 2024, by commodity group

    • statista.com
    Updated Oct 28, 2024
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    Inflation rates in G7 countries 2024, by commodity group [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1332916/inflation-g7-commodity-group/
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 28, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, United States, France, Germany, Japan
    Description

    The rising inflation worldwide in 2022 and 2023 is reflected in the increasing prices of the different commodity groups in the G7 countries. Most notably, the price of electricity, gas, and other fuels was high in the third quarter of 2024 in Japan, with price increases reaching 15 percent compared to the same period in 2023. On the other hand, gas and electricity inflation was negative in Germany, Italy, and the UK following extremely high rates in 2022 and the first half of 2023. Inflation rates increased sharply all around the world through 2022 and the beginning of 2023, spurred by Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February that year. Economic challenges in Japan As food and restaurant costs have risen in Japan in comparison to the rest of the G7 nations, overall, Japan is facing a period of economic slowdown. Over time, the value of the Japanese yen has dropped. Moreover, the Japanese GDP has also dropped, going from around five trillion U.S. dollars in 2021 to 4.1 trillion U.S. dollars by 2024. However, it is predicted to begin increasing by 2025. Falling electricity costs Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis driven by the February 2022 invasion of Russia into Ukraine, electricity prices increased worldwide through 2021, 2022, and 2023. As of 2024, inflation of electricity costs is decreasing across the G7, more than other commodity groups. This rise and fall can be seen throughout Europe as well as within the United States, after peaking in 2022.

  15. T

    Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI)

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • de.tradingeconomics.com
    • +17more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Nov 1, 2021
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2021). Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI) [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/consumer-price-index-cpi
    Explore at:
    excel, xml, csv, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Nov 1, 2021
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 31, 1957 - Feb 28, 2025
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    Consumer Price Index CPI in Japan increased to 107.20 points in March from 106.90 points in February of 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  16. Monthly USD exchange rate against currency of 55 economies in Big Mac Index...

    • statista.com
    • flwrdeptvarieties.store
    Updated Feb 21, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly USD exchange rate against currency of 55 economies in Big Mac Index 2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1039342/average-annual-exchange-rates-developed-emerging-countries/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 21, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jan 2024 - Jan 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    One United States dollar was worth over 15,000 Indonesian rupiah in March 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the 10 biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

  17. Inflationsrate in Japan bis 2029

    • de.statista.com
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    Statista, Inflationsrate in Japan bis 2029 [Dataset]. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/166028/umfrage/inflationsrate-in-japan/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    Im Jahr 2023 hat die durchschnittliche Inflationsrate in Japan rund 3,3 Prozent betragen. Für das Jahr 2024 wird die durchschnittliche Inflationsrate in Japan auf rund 2,2 Prozent prognostiziert. Die Statistik zeigt die durchschnittliche Inflationsrate in Japan im Zeitraum 1980 bis 2023 und Prognosen bis zum Jahr 2029. Die durchschnittliche Inflationsrate in Japan soll Prognosen zufolge zwischen 2024 und 2029 um insgesamt 0,2 Prozentpunkte sinken. Die Diskontinuität in 2027 und 2028 zeigt jedoch, dass dieser Rückgang nicht kontinuierlich ist. Die Inflationsrate bildet Veränderungen der Kosten für einen festgelegten Warenkorb ab, der eine repräsentative Auswahl an Waren und Dienstleistungen enthält. Sie wird aus dem Verbraucherpreisindex (VPI) abgeleitet.Hier können Sie weitere Einblicke bezüglich der durchschnittlichen Inflationsrate in Taiwan, Hongkong und Korea, Republik von finden.

  18. Amount of currency annually issued in China up to 2023

    • statista.com
    Updated Feb 13, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Amount of currency annually issued in China up to 2023 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/458737/china-amount-of-currency-issued/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 13, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    In 2023, China’s monetary authority, the People’s Bank of China, issued more than 11.9 trillion yuan which was the highest amount issued in one year so far. Over the past years, the value of printed money increased steadily. The issuing of currency was one function of a central bank.

    Maintaining price stability

    One of the main policy objectives of the People’s Bank of China was to maintain price stability. Typically, countries set the desired inflation target and the central bank implements the necessary policies to achieve the said target. Usually, China keeps its inflation target at around three percent, but in 2021, the inflation rate dropped to under one percent. If the inflation rate is too low, central banks can issue more currency and decrease the interest rate. In the opposite scenario, if the inflation rate is too high central banks try to reduce the amount of money in circulation by increasing the interest rate or decreasing bond prices.

    Managing the economy

    In capitalist market economies, economies usually undergo a boom and bust cycle. Central banks attempt to counteract this cyclical development to soften the impact for its citizens. For instance, the Chinese government aims to maintain an unemployment rate of around four percent. However, crises such as the 2008 financial crisis and the outbreak of COVID-19 have an unforseen impact on the economy. To lower the employment rate, the People’s Bank engaged specific monetary policies to stimulate the economy with the aim of increasing job creation.

  19. Big Mac index worldwide 2024

    • statista.com
    • flwrdeptvarieties.store
    Updated Feb 7, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Big Mac index worldwide 2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/274326/big-mac-index-global-prices-for-a-big-mac/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 7, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jul 2024
    Area covered
    Worldwide
    Description

    At 8.07 U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the July 2024 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was 5.69 dollars in the U.S., and 6.06 U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.

  20. Not seeing a result you expected?
    Learn how you can add new datasets to our index.

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TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). Japan Inflation Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/inflation-cpi

Japan Inflation Rate

Japan Inflation Rate - Historical Dataset (1958-01-31/2025-02-28)

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89 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
csv, json, excel, xmlAvailable download formats
Dataset updated
Mar 21, 2025
Dataset authored and provided by
TRADING ECONOMICS
License

Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically

Time period covered
Jan 31, 1958 - Feb 28, 2025
Area covered
Japan
Description

Inflation Rate in Japan decreased to 3.70 percent in February from 4 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

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