Long term population projections by sex and single year of age for York Local Authority area. These unrounded estimates are published based on ONS estimates designed to enable and encourage further calculations and analysis. However, the estimates should not be taken to be accurate to the level of detail provided. More information on the accuracy of the estimates is available in the Quality and Methodology document The estimates are produced using a variety of data sources and statistical models, including some statistical disclosure control methods, and small estimates should not be taken to refer to particular individuals. The estimated resident population of an area includes all those people who usually live there, regardless of nationality. Arriving international migrants are included in the usually resident population if they remain in the UK for at least a year. Emigrants are excluded if they remain outside the UK for at least a year. This is consistent with the United Nations definition of a long-term migrant. Armed forces stationed outside of the UK are excluded. Students are taken to be usually resident at their term time address. The population estimates reflect boundaries in place as of the reference year. Please note that “age” 999 comprises data for ages 90 and above. Source and Licence: Adapted from data from the Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.1.0.

% of working age population in employment (16-64)

Current population statistics for North Yorkshire including age and sex breakdowns. Areas available include Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby districts, The City of York and the towns of Bedale, Bentham, Boroughbridge, Catterick, Catterick Garrison, Cross Hills, Easingwold, Filey, Glusburn, Grassington, Great Ayton, Harrogate, Hawes, Helmsley, Hunmanby, Ingleton, Killinghall, Kirkbymoorside, Knaresborough, Leyburn, Malton, Masham, Middleham, Northallerton, Pickering, Reeth, Richmond, Ripon, Scarborough, Selby, Settle, Sherburn in Elmet, Skipton, Stokesley, Sutton, Tadcaster, Thirsk, Thorpe Willoughby and Whitby.

York's CO2 per head of population (tonnes)

This dataset contains daily data trackers for the COVID-19 pandemic, aggregated by month and starting 18.3.20. The first release of COVID-19 data on this platform was on 1.6.20. Updates have been provided on a quarterly basis throughout 2023/24. No updates are currently scheduled for 2024/25 as case rates remain low. The data is accurate as at 8.00 a.m. on 8.4.24. Some narrative for the data covering the latest period is provided here below: Diagnosed cases / episodes • As at 3.4.24 CYC residents have had a total 75,556 covid episodes since the start of the pandemic, a rate of 37,465 per 100,000 of population (using 2021 Mid-Year Population estimates). The cumulative rate in York is similar to the national (37,305) and regional (37,059) averages. • The latest rate of new Covid cases per 100,000 of population for the period 28.3.24 to 3.4.24 in York was 1.49 (3 cases). The national and regional averages at this date were 1.67 and 2.19 respectively (using data published on Gov.uk on 5.4.24).

The data collection contains population projections for UK ethnic groups and all local area by age (single year of age up to 100+) and sex. Included in the data set are also input data to the cohort component model that was used to project populations into the future-fertility rates, mortality rates, international migration flows and internal migration probabilities. Also included in data set are output data: Number of deaths, births and internal migrants. All data included are for the years 2011 to 2061. We have produced two ethnic population projections for UK local authorities, based on information on 2011 Census ethnic populations and 2010-2011-2012 ethnic components. Both projections align fertility and mortality assumptions to ONS assumptions. Where they differ is in the migration assumptions. In LEEDS L1 we employ internal migration rates for 2001 to 2011, including periods of boom and bust. We use a new assumption about international migration anticipating that the UK may leave the EU (BREXIT). In LEEDS L2 we use average internal migration rates for the 5 year period 2006-11 and the official international migration flow assumptions with a long term balance of +185 thousand per annum.

This project aims to understand and to forecast the ethnic transition in the United Kingdom's population at national and sub-national levels. The ethnic transition is the change in population composition from one dominated by the White British to much greater diversity. In the decade 2001-2011 the UK population grew strongly as a result of high immigration, increased fertility and reduced mortality. Both the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and Leeds University estimated the growth or decline in the sixteen ethnic groups making up the UK's population in 2001. The 2011 Census results revealed that both teams had over-estimated the growth of the White British population and under-estimated the growth of the ethnic minority populations. The wide variation between our local authority projected populations in 2011 and the Census suggested inaccurate forecasting of internal migration. We propose to develop, working closely with ONS as our first external partner, fresh estimates of mid-year ethnic populations and their components of change using new data on the later years of the decade and new methods to ensure the estimates agree in 2011 with the Census. This will involve using population accounting theory and an adjustment technique known as iterative proportional fitting to generate a fully consistent set of ethnic population estimates between 2001 and 2011.

We will study, at national and local scales, the development of demographic rates for ethnic group populations (fertility, mortality, internal migration and international migration). The ten year time series of component summary indicators and age-specific rates will provide a basis for modelling future assumptions for projections. We will, in our main projection, align the assumptions to the ONS 2012-based principal projection. The national assumptions will need conversion to ethnic groups and to local scale. The ten years of revised ethnic-specific component rates will enable us to study the relationships between national and local demographic trends. In addition, we will analyse a consistent time series of local authority internal migration. We cannot be sure, at this stage, how the national-local relationships for each ethnic group will be modelled but we will be able to test our models using the time series.

Of course, all future projections of the population are uncertain. We will therefore work to measure the uncertainty of component rates. The error distributions can be used to construct probability distributions of future populations via stochastic projections so that we can define confidence intervals around our projections. Users of projections are always interested in the impact of the component assumptions on future populations. We will run a set of reference projections to estimate the magnitude and direction of impact of international migrations assumptions (net effect of immigration less emigration), of internal migration assumptions (the net effect of in-migration less out-migration), of fertility assumptions compared with replacement level, of mortality assumptions compared with no change and finally the effect of the initial age distribution (i.e. demographic potential).

The outputs from the project will be a set of technical reports on each aspect of the research, journal papers submitted for peer review and a database of projection inputs and outputs available to users via the web. The demographic inputs will be subject to quality assurance by Edge Analytics, our second external partner. They will also help in disseminating these inputs to local government users who want to use them in their own ethnic projections. In sum, the project will show how a wide range of secondary data sources can be used in theoretically refined demographic models to provide us with a more reliable picture of how the UK population is going to change in ethnic composition.

Under 75 mortality rate from liver disease (per 100,000 population)

Every Health and Wellbeing Board produces and publishes a Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA), which analyses and identifies the current and future health and wellbeing needs of its local population. In York this work is a shared responsibility between City of York Council and NHS Vale of York Clinical Commissioning Group, which aim to use the outcomes to paint a detailed picture of the health and social care needs of York residents. A dedicated website for York’s JSNA is available at www.healthyork.org. The York JSNA focuses on the following 4 areas: Starting and Growing Well Living and Working Well Ageing Well Mental Health The site also provides information about York’s characteristics, including population, physical and social environment data. For further information and analysis about York, please see the Ward Profiles.

IntroductionThis meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the impacts of three types of Music-based interventions (MBIs)—music listening, music training, and music therapy on the subjective well-being (SWB) of clinical and non-clinical populations.MethodsThe study conducted a systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus (from inception to January 2025) using the PRISMA guidelines, and selected 10 studies with a total of 387 and 326 experimental and control groups, respectively. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials. A random-effects meta-analysis was then performed in Stata 18.0 to compute standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe pooled effect sizes indicated that MBIs were significantly associated with higher levels of SWB compared with control conditions (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.06–0.65, p = 0.02). Subgroup analyses revealed significant variations across intervention types and populations. Music listening was significantly associated with higher SWB in clinical groups (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.02–1.29); however, no significant association was found in nonclinical groups (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI: −0.14–0.70), although a positive overall association was observed (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.06–0.77). Music training showed a significant positive association with SWB in clinical groups (SMD = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.04–2.48), but no significant association was found in nonclinical groups (SMD = −0.32, 95% CI: −0.84–0.20) or in the overall sample (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI: −0.77–0.78). In contrast, music therapy was significantly associated with improvements in SWB across both clinical and nonclinical populations.DiscussionThe results indicated that MBIs may improve SWB, though the strength of the association appears to vary depending on the type of intervention and the characteristics of the target population. Music training yielded the most significant effects in clinical populations, whereas music therapy was most effective in nonclinical populations. The effects of music training and music listening were less pronounced potentially due to differences in emotional needs, interactivity, and training difficulty. Future research should focus on individualized designs for intervention and further investigate the influence of factors such as type of intervention, duration, frequency, characteristics of participants, and reinforcement of interventions on the long-term effects on SWB.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42025641732.

BackgroundThis study aims to compare the potential short-term effects of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on prehypertensive people, and provide evidence for intervention models with potential in future community-based management.MethodsIn this Bayesian network meta-analysis, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of science were screened up to 16 October 2021. Prehypertensive patients (systolic blood pressure, SBP 120–139 mmHg/diastolic blood pressure, DBP 80–89 mmHg) with a follow-up period longer than 4 weeks were targeted. Sixteen NPIs were identified during the scope review and categorized into five groups. Reduction in SBP and DBP was selected as outcome variables and the effect sizes were compared using consistency models among interventions and intervention groups. Grade approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence.ResultsThirty-nine studies with 8,279 participants were included. For SBP, strengthen exercises were the most advantageous intervention group when compared with usual care (mean difference = −6.02 mmHg, 95% CI −8.16 to −3.87), and combination exercise, isometric exercise, and aerobic exercise were the three most effective specific interventions. For DBP, relaxation was the most advantageous intervention group when compared with usual care (mean difference = −4.99 mmHg, 95% CI −7.03 to −2.96), and acupuncture, meditation, and combination exercise were the three most effective specific interventions. No inconsistency was found between indirect and direct evidence. However, heterogeneity was detected in some studies.ConclusionNPIs can bring short-term BP reduction benefits for prehypertensive patients, especially exercise and relaxation. NPIs could potentially be included in community-based disease management for prehypertensive population once long-term real-world effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are proven.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=151518, identifier: CRD42020151518.

BackgroundThis study aims to compare the potential short-term effects of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on prehypertensive people, and provide evidence for intervention models with potential in future community-based management.MethodsIn this Bayesian network meta-analysis, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of science were screened up to 16 October 2021. Prehypertensive patients (systolic blood pressure, SBP 120–139 mmHg/diastolic blood pressure, DBP 80–89 mmHg) with a follow-up period longer than 4 weeks were targeted. Sixteen NPIs were identified during the scope review and categorized into five groups. Reduction in SBP and DBP was selected as outcome variables and the effect sizes were compared using consistency models among interventions and intervention groups. Grade approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence.ResultsThirty-nine studies with 8,279 participants were included. For SBP, strengthen exercises were the most advantageous intervention group when compared with usual care (mean difference = −6.02 mmHg, 95% CI −8.16 to −3.87), and combination exercise, isometric exercise, and aerobic exercise were the three most effective specific interventions. For DBP, relaxation was the most advantageous intervention group when compared with usual care (mean difference = −4.99 mmHg, 95% CI −7.03 to −2.96), and acupuncture, meditation, and combination exercise were the three most effective specific interventions. No inconsistency was found between indirect and direct evidence. However, heterogeneity was detected in some studies.ConclusionNPIs can bring short-term BP reduction benefits for prehypertensive patients, especially exercise and relaxation. NPIs could potentially be included in community-based disease management for prehypertensive population once long-term real-world effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are proven.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=151518, identifier: CRD42020151518.

BackgroundMedical and socio-economic uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have had a substantial impact on mental health. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature reporting the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general populace in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associated risk factors.MethodsA systematic search of the following databases African Journal Online, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception until 30th September 2021. Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression among the general populace in African settings were considered for inclusion. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Meta-analyses on prevalence rates were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software.ResultsSeventy-eight primary studies (62,380 participants) were identified from 2,325 studies via electronic and manual searches. Pooled prevalence rates for anxiety (47%, 95% CI: 40–54%, I2 = 99.19%) and depression (48%, 95% CI: 39–57%, I2 = 99.45%) were reported across Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex (female) and history of existing medical/chronic conditions were identified as major risk factors for anxiety and depression.ConclusionsThe evidence put forth in this synthesis demonstrates the substantial impact of the pandemic on the pervasiveness of these psychological symptoms among the general population. Governments and stakeholders across continental Africa should therefore prioritize the allocation of available resources to institute educational programs and other intervention strategies for preventing and ameliorating universal distress and promoting psychological wellbeing.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021228023, PROSPERO CRD42021228023.