The number of U.S. Americans playing tackle football increased in 2023 for the fourth year in a row. In total, around *** million people above the age of six years were engaged in that sport at least once in that year.

During the 2023-24 school year, over *** million high school students in the United States participated in 11-player football. The sport was especially popular among boys, who accounted for ** percent of participants.

In the 2023-24 academic year, 40 percent of children in England participated in football. This represented little change on the previous year, which had a participation rate of 40.1 percent.

In 2024, the number of participants in flag football in the United States peaked at approximately *** million. This figure was an increase over the previous year's figure of *** million.

The global football industry, valued at $741.45 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing participation rates, particularly among youth, and rising disposable incomes in developing nations fueling demand for equipment and apparel. The industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.09% from 2019-2024 suggests a continued upward trajectory throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). Key growth drivers include the expanding popularity of professional leagues worldwide, the increasing influence of social media and celebrity endorsements, and technological advancements leading to innovative product designs and enhanced player performance. Market segmentation reveals significant contributions from various size categories (Size 1-5), with the larger sizes potentially commanding higher price points. Distribution channels are diverse, with specialty stores maintaining a strong presence alongside the growing prominence of online stores and supermarkets/hypermarkets. Leading brands like Adidas, Nike, and Puma dominate the market, but smaller, regional players also contribute significantly, particularly in emerging markets. Geographic analysis reveals strong performance in North America and Europe, while Asia-Pacific presents substantial growth potential due to its burgeoning middle class and rising football participation. However, economic downturns and fluctuating exchange rates represent potential restraints to market expansion. The future success of industry players will hinge on effective brand management, product innovation, strategic partnerships, and adept navigation of shifting consumer preferences and technological advancements. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates consistent growth, fueled by continued investment in youth football development programs globally, expanding broadcast rights deals enhancing league visibility, and the increasing integration of technology into the fan experience. While maintaining a leadership position, established brands will likely face increasing competition from both local and international brands leveraging targeted marketing strategies. The continued expansion of e-commerce platforms is expected to reshape the distribution landscape, offering both opportunities and challenges to traditional retailers. Sustainable manufacturing practices and environmentally conscious product offerings will likely gain traction as consumer awareness grows. Regional variations in growth rates will persist, mirroring the diverse economic and social landscapes across the globe. Careful analysis of these dynamics is crucial for industry stakeholders seeking to capitalize on emerging opportunities and mitigate potential risks. Recent developments include: In October 2022, Nike launched a new High Visibility Premier League ball for the season 2022-23. The new winter ball provides increased visibility with the same Aerowsculpt technology as the regular Premier League 2022-23 ball., In June 2022, PUMA, the global sports company, and Lega Serie launched a new match ball to mark the beginning of their partnership., In April 2021, in a joint announcement, the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) and Decathlon announced that Kipsta would become the official ball supplier for French soccer's two highest divisions from the beginning. Notable trends are: Rising Active Participation in Football Leagues.

Snapshot img

Football Market Size 2025-2029

The football market size is forecast to increase by USD 580.9 million, at a CAGR of 3.3% between 2024 and 2029.

Major Market Trends & Insights

Europe dominated the market and accounted for a 42% growth during the forecast period.
By the Distribution Channel - Offline segment was valued at USD 2780.80 million in 2023
By the Type - Training ball segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 25.93 million
Market Future Opportunities: USD 580.90 million 
CAGR : 3.3%
Europe: Largest market in 2023

Market Summary

The market continues to expand, with numerous applications across various industries. According to recent studies, the global market for football equipment is projected to reach a value of USD25.3 billion by 2027, growing at a steady pace. This growth can be attributed to the increasing number of football leagues and tournaments worldwide. For instance, the UEFA Champions League and the FIFA World Cup attract millions of viewers annually, driving demand for high-quality football equipment. Moreover, there is a noticeable shift towards the adoption of sustainable and eco-friendly football raw materials. This trend is particularly prevalent in the production of footballs, with companies investing in plant-based alternatives to traditional materials.
For example, Adidas introduced the first-ever football made from ocean plastic in 2019. Additionally, the rise of virtual games and esports has led to an increase in the demand for football simulations. This segment is expected to grow significantly, with youth being the primary demographic. With the rise of esports and online gaming, traditional football may face decreased participation and interest. Another challenge is the high cost of producing football equipment that meet the highest standards of quality and performance. Despite these trends, it's essential to note that the market faces challenges, such as stringent regulations and intense competition. Nonetheless, market players continue to innovate, offering products that cater to the evolving needs of consumers.

What will be the Size of the Football Market during the forecast period?

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The market experiences continuous growth, with current participation rates exceeding 250 million players worldwide. This figure represents a substantial increase of over 10% compared to the previous decade. Looking forward, market expansion is anticipated to continue, with growth expectations surpassing 5% annually. Notably, team formation strategies have gained significant attention, with scouting network efficiency and youth development pathways playing crucial roles. Performance metrics, such as tackle success rate, yellow card rate, and assist conversion rate, are increasingly utilized to evaluate player potential. Fitness monitoring systems and recovery strategies have become essential components of modern football training, with an average passing distance of approximately 25 meters and a possession percentage of around 55% during professional matches.
Passing accuracy remains a key performance indicator, with top teams maintaining an average of 85%. Player recruitment metrics, including goal scoring efficiency and injury rehabilitation protocols, significantly impact team success. Injury prevention programs and training load management have become essential components of modern football training, with an emphasis on optimizing game strategy and enhancing player performance. Clearance success rate and tactical analysis software are vital tools for teams, enabling them to effectively manage defensive strategies and counter opponents' tactics. Comparatively, top teams maintain a clearance success rate of over 70% and a red card rate of less than 1 per game.
In summary, the market is characterized by continuous growth, with a current participation rate of over 250 million players and annual growth expectations surpassing 5%. Key performance indicators include tackle success rate, passing accuracy, and goal scoring efficiency, among others. Effective team strategies, player recruitment, and training methods are essential for success in this evolving landscape.

How is this Football Industry segmented?

The football industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Type

  Training ball
  Match ball
  Others


Product Type

  Football equipment
  Apparel
  Accessories


End-User

  Professional
  Amateur
  Recreational


Material

  Leather
  Synthetic Leather
  Rubber
  Polyurethane


Geogra

Snapshot img

Football Equipment Market Size 2025-2029

The football equipment market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.84 billion at a CAGR of 4.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing number of football leagues and tournaments worldwide. Development programs, such as FIFA's Forward 2.0 program, are investing heavily in infrastructure and technology, fueling demand for high-quality football equipment. Thermoplastic elastomers are also seeing rising usage across various types of sports equipment. Another key trend is the growth of online retail, which offers convenience and accessibility to consumers. Sports analytics and fitness technology have gained significant traction, with calorie burning and body fat loss metrics becoming increasingly popular.
However, this trend also presents challenges, including the rise of counterfeit products that undermine market integrity and impact the revenue of legitimate players. To capitalize on market opportunities and navigate these challenges effectively, companies must focus on innovation, quality, and brand protection. Strategic partnerships with leagues, teams, and e-commerce platforms can help expand reach and build consumer trust. Additionally, investments in research and development to create technologically advanced equipment that enhances player performance and safety will be crucial in differentiating offerings and securing market share.

What will be the Size of the Football Equipment Market during the forecast period?

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The market encompasses a wide range of products and services catering to the diverse needs of athletes, teams, and fans worldwide. Key trends shaping this dynamic industry include the integration of technology for enhanced athletic performance, health awareness, and fan engagement. Sustainability is also a growing concern, with eco-friendly football boots, recyclable gear, and sustainable sports initiatives gaining momentum. Sports tourism, community programs, and sports medicine continue to drive demand for equipment. Football sponsorship, marketing, and branding have become essential components of the industry, with social media influence playing a pivotal role in shaping consumer preferences.
This market is driven by increasing global environmental concerns, prompting football equipment and manufacturers of football apparel to replace traditional materials like leather, synthetic rubber, polyurethane, nylon, and other synthetics with organic cotton, water-based adhesives, and recycled plastics. The market's size and direction remain strong, with ongoing innovation in areas such as sports psychology, youth sports development, and virtual football training. Football apparel, nutrition, and accessories continue to evolve, catering to the unique requirements of various demographics, including women and youth. The football market overall activity reflects a thriving industry, with football culture trends, streaming services, and football betting adding to its richness and diversity.

How is this Football Equipment Industry segmented?

The football equipment industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Product

  Football shoes
  Footballs
  Football protective equipment
  Others


End-user

  Professional players and teams
  Amateur and recreational players
  Schools and colleges
  Clubs and academies


Geography

  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    The Netherlands
    UK


  South America

    Argentina
    Brazil
    Chile


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  North America



  Middle East and Africa

By Distribution Channel Insights

The offline segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market caters to the demands of sports enthusiasts for protective and innovative gear for various football activities. This sector encompasses equipment for international sports events, grassroots sports promotion, and e-sports audiences. With the increasing trend of active lifestyles and athleisure, the market for football equipment has gained significant traction. Protective accessories, body composition measurement tools, and eco-friendly items are popular in this market. Football leagues, such as the Champions League and Carabao Cup, and official merchandise sales contribute to the market's growth. Technologically savvy consumers seek connected ball technology, smart sensors, and modular components. E-commerce platforms facilitate online sales channels, while brand recognition, purchasing power, and brand loyalty drive sales.

Innovative equipment, mental health awareness, and environmental sustainability are key t

In a survey conducted during the 2023/24 academic year, it was found that roughly 40 percent of children aged five to 16 had taken part in football in the week leading up to being surveyed. Meanwhile, 26.6 percent had engaged in running, jogging, cross-country, or the Daily Mile.

Snapshot img

US American Football Equipment Market Size 2025-2029

The US american football equipment market size is forecast to increase by USD 312.4 million at a CAGR of 5% between 2024 and 2029.

American Football Equipment Market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing participation of youth and the growing number of women in the sport. According to recent statistics, over 11 million children in the US play organized football, representing a 2% annual growth rate. Additionally, the National Football League (NFL) reports that over 30,000 female athletes participate in American football leagues, a number that has more than doubled in the last decade. However, the market faces challenges, primarily due to concerns over player safety, specifically concussions. The fear of long-term health risks associated with repeated head trauma has led to increased scrutiny and regulations.
As a result, equipment manufacturers are investing in research and development of advanced protective gear to mitigate these risks and ensure player safety. Companies that can effectively address this challenge while maintaining affordability and performance will have a competitive edge in the market. Overall, the American Football Equipment Market presents significant opportunities for growth, particularly in the areas of youth and women's leagues, as well as innovative safety solutions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must stay abreast of market trends and regulations while prioritizing player safety and performance.

What will be the size of the US American Football Equipment Market during the forecast period?

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American football equipment market encompasses a range of products, including shin guards, biometric data devices, strength training equipment, and agility gear. Social media marketing and influencer partnerships are increasingly important for brands to reach consumers. Custom fit and personalized gear cater to the growing demand for comfort and performance. Rib protection, neck protection, and head protection prioritize player safety, while e-commerce platforms facilitate convenient purchasing. Sustainable materials, such as biodegradable and recycled materials, are gaining traction due to consumer safety concerns and environmental awareness. Performance analysis tools, including virtual and augmented reality, help athletes optimize their training.
Product lifecycle management ensures quality control and intellectual property protection. Sports technology innovations, like return-to-play protocols, concussion management systems, and impact testing equipment, enhance player safety and improve overall performance. Conditioning programs and training aids are essential for athletes to excel in their sport. Artificial intelligence and mobile apps streamline operations and provide valuable insights for teams and individuals. Market dynamics include the evolving role of brand partnerships, patent protection, and the integration of biometric data into equipment design. The football equipment market continues to evolve, driven by consumer preferences, technological advancements, and regulatory requirements.

How is this market segmented?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Protective gear
  Helmets
  Cleats
  Balls
  Training equipment


End-user

  Amateur
  Professional Athletes
  Collegiate Players
  High School Players
  Recreational Players


Retail Channel

  Specialty and sports shops
  Department and discount stores
  Online retail


Material

  Polycarbonate
  Foam
  Leather
  Synthetic Fabrics


Geography

  North America

    US

By Product Insights

The protective gear segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Protective gear, a significant segment in the American football equipment market, accounts for the largest revenue share. This category encompasses essential items such as cups and athletic supporters, elbow sleeves and arm pads, gloves, girdles, hip, knee, thigh, and tail pads, mouth guards, neck rolls, shoulder pads, and rib protectors. The NFL and high school football leagues, governed by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), mandate the use of specific protective gear for players. Compliance with these regulations ensures a baseline level of safety and drives demand for essential protective equipment. The NFL's rule mandating the use of leg and thigh pads, implemented in 2013, further boosts the growth of protective gear and equipment in American football.

Customer preferences prioritize performance enhancement and injury prevention, leading to continuous innovation in protective gear technology.

Smart Football Helmet Sensor Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global smart football helmet sensor market size reached USD 412.5 million in 2024, with a robust growth trajectory driven by heightened awareness of athlete safety and technological advancements in sports equipment. The market is forecasted to expand at a CAGR of 17.2% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 1,462.8 million by 2033. This impressive growth is propelled by the increasing adoption of smart sensors for real-time monitoring of head impacts, concussions, and player performance, reflecting a paradigm shift in how football organizations prioritize player health and data-driven coaching strategies.

The primary growth factor for the smart football helmet sensor market is the escalating concern over sports-related head injuries, particularly concussions, which have become a focal point for regulatory bodies, sports leagues, and parents alike. With mounting evidence linking repetitive head impacts to long-term neurological disorders, the demand for advanced safety solutions has surged. Smart helmet sensors offer real-time impact detection, alerting coaches and medical staff to potential injuries, thereby enabling immediate intervention and minimizing the risk of severe brain trauma. This proactive approach to player safety is not only transforming the football landscape but also driving significant investments from both public and private sectors, which is fueling the market’s expansion.

Another significant driver is the rapid integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into sports equipment. Modern smart helmet sensors leverage wireless connectivity, cloud computing, and sophisticated analytics to provide comprehensive insights into player biomechanics, impact forces, and movement patterns. This data-centric approach empowers coaches and trainers to tailor training regimens, optimize performance, and reduce injury risks. Furthermore, the proliferation of mobile applications and wearable devices has made it easier for teams and individual players to access and interpret sensor data, thereby fostering widespread adoption across all levels of football, from professional leagues to youth sports.

Additionally, the evolving regulatory landscape and the introduction of stringent safety standards by sports governing bodies are catalyzing the uptake of smart helmet sensors. Organizations such as the National Football League (NFL) and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have implemented protocols mandating the use of advanced safety equipment, including helmet sensors, to monitor and report head impacts. These regulations are not only raising the bar for player safety but also stimulating innovation among manufacturers. As a result, the market is witnessing a surge in research and development activities, leading to the launch of next-generation sensors with enhanced accuracy, durability, and user-friendliness.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the smart football helmet sensor market, accounting for over 52% of global revenue in 2024. This leadership is attributed to the region’s strong football culture, high incidence of sports-related concussions, and early adoption of advanced safety technologies. Europe and Asia Pacific are also emerging as high-growth markets, driven by increasing participation in American football and rising investments in sports infrastructure. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, while currently representing smaller market shares, are expected to witness accelerated growth over the forecast period as awareness and adoption of smart sports technology spread globally.

Product Type Analysis

The product type segment of the smart football helmet sensor market encompasses impact sensors, motion sensors, pressure sensors, and other specialized sensor types. Impact sensors hold the largest market share due to their critical role in detecting and

In 2023-24, over ******* high schoolers in the United States played soccer, with boys accounting for nearly ** percent of participants. Overall, participant numbers grew by around ***** percent compared to the previous year.

American football is by far the most popular sport among male high schoolers in the United States, with over *** million boys playing 11-player football in 2023-24. The second most popular high school sport for boys was ***********************, with over *** thousand participants.

Snapshot img

Sports Coaching Market Size 2025-2029

The sports coaching market size is forecast to increase by USD 4.77 billion at a CAGR of 6.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by several key trends and factors. One major trend is the increasing government initiatives to promote sports apps and sporting infrastructure, which is creating new opportunities for sports coaches. 
Additionally, the number of sports events globally is on the rise, leading to a higher demand for skilled coaches. Furthermore, the expensive nature of sports coaching services is also contributing to market growth, as athletes and teams are willing to invest in high-quality coaching to improve their performance. These factors, among others, are expected to drive the growth of the market in the coming years.

What will be the size of the Market during the forecast period?

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Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019 - 2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Sports camps and personalized trainings
  Recreational camps


Application

  Men
  Women
  Kids


Medium

  Online
  Offline


Component

  Accessories and Devices
  Software


Sports Type

  Soccer
  Cricket
  Baseball
  Volleyball
  Basketball
  Other


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Spain


  APAC

    China
    Japan
    India
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil
    Argentina


  Middle East and Africa

    South Africa

Which is the largest segment driving market growth?

The sports camps and personalized trainings segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The global market is witnessing significant growth, with the sports camps and personalized training segment leading the charge in 2023. This segment's dominance can be attributed to the increasing participation in professional and non-professional sports leagues worldwide. Players are increasingly seeking individualized assistance to enhance their performance, leading to a demand for sports camps and personalized coaching. Advancements in technology are revolutionizing the sports coaching landscape. Video analytics, smart electronic devices, and digital platforms are transforming performance analysis and communication between coaches and athletes. Wearable technology, such as biometric sensors and fitness trackers, enable real-time performance tracking and customized training plans.

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The sports camps and personalized trainings segment accounted for USD 7.68 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period. Moreover, virtual coaching sessions, virtual reality technologies, and augmented reality technologies offer personalized coaching experiences, enabling athletes to train from anywhere. Educational materials, video lectures, and interactive learning tools provide athletes with professional advice and knowledge, while gamification, leaderboards, badges, points, polls, quizzes, and virtual simulations engage and motivate them to improve their skills. Cloud-based and on-premise solutions offer flexibility and convenience, making coaching more accessible to athletes at all levels.

Which region is leading the market?

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Europe is estimated to contribute 36% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period. The increasing participation in sports and various government initiatives are fueling this growth. The integration of technology in sports coaching is revolutionizing the industry. Video analytics tools, smart electronic devices, digital platforms, and virtual coaching sessions are becoming increasingly popular. Individualized assistance, performance analysis, and communication tools are essential components of modern sports coaching. Training plans, video lectures, and educational materials are accessible through cloud-based and on-premise platforms. Moreover, advancements in technology include video analysis, biometric sensors, wearable technology, and virtual reality.

Moreover, gamification, interactive learning, leaderboards, badges, points, polls, quizzes, and virtual simulations are engaging athletes and enhancing their training experience. Wearable technologies, such as fitness trackers and heart rate monitors, provide performance metrics to athletes and coaches. Professional advice, customized training plans, and real-time feedback are essenti

Australia sports shoe market size reached USD 2.2 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 3.2 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 3.52% during 2025-2033. Numerous strategic marketing collaborations between leading manufacturers and athletes that contribute to brand visibility and consumer trust are primarily driving the market growth across the country.

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the market, along with forecasts at the country level for 2025-2033. Our report has categorized the market based on product type, gender, and retail channel.

The global sports industry revenue was forecast to grow in the coming years. In 2022, the industry’s revenue amounted to over 403 billion U.S. dollars and was expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.13 percent between 2022 and 2028. By 2028, the global sports market was expected to be worth over 680 billion U.S. dollars. This massive industry includes the people, activities, and organizations that are involved with producing, facilitating, or organizing sports activities.

How big is the global sports betting and lottery market?

In 2022, the market size of the sports betting and lottery sector worldwide was valued at around 235.46 billion U.S. dollars. This figure showed a decrease from the previous year's total of 242.82 billion and by 2023, the market was forecast to reach 242 billion. Sports betting is a type of gambling that refers to the activity of placing a wager on the outcome of a sporting event. Events on which wagers are made could be anything from more traditional activities like horse or dog racing, to sports such as soccer and American football.

How big is the global youth sports market?

The youth sports market is a big industry, ranging from organized sports leagues to recreational activities. In 2022, the global market for youth sports was estimated at 37.5 billion U.S. dollars. The market was forecast to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 9.2 percent and reach 69.4 billion U.S. dollars in 2030. Youth sports do not necessarily take place within the education system; however, many competitors involved with youth sports are generally at a primary or secondary level of education and participate in school-organized sport programs.

2024 saw increased interest in a number of high-profile women's sports competitions, with the global fanbase for U.S. Women's College Basketball growing to nearly 50 million. Meanwhile, the number of people interested in the U.S. National Women's Soccer League rose to nearly 36 million.

When surveyed during the 2023/24 school year, 8.2 percent of children aged 5 to 16 years old said they had participated in rugby in the last week. This marked a decrease from the previous year, when it stood at 8.3 percent. Based on figures going back to 2017/18, participation peaked in 2018/2019, with 9.7 percent. How many individuals overall participate in rugby in the England?   As the birthplace of the sport, there is a strong culture in England of both following and participating in the game of rugby. Among adults who play rugby in England, the number of participants in rugby union totaled around 220,000 in 2023. This was around four times the number of adults who played rugby league, a code of the sport that is primarily played in the north of England. How much money is invested in rugby in England? The Rugby Football Union (RFU) received 30.5 million British pounds for rugby development investment and over double, 65.6 million British pounds, in professional rugby investment in 2023/24. The Union also generates significant amounts of its own revenue, with the RFU's largest source of revenue in 2023/24 coming from hospitality and catering, nearly 50 million British pounds.

In 2024, Inter Miami had the highest average player salary in Major League Soccer (MLS) at over 1.2 million U.S. dollars per year. At the other end of the scale, the average player at CF Montreal earned just over 368,000 U.S. dollars per year. Major League Soccer is the highest division of professional soccer in the United States.

In the 2023-24 academic year, around 7.8 percent of children aged between 5 and 16 had played tennis in the week prior to being surveyed. While this was a decrease from the previous year, it was still an increase over 2019-20 and 2020-21, when the figure dropped to as low as 6.3 percent. What is the most popular sport played by children? Although tennis ranks among the top ten most played sports among children in the UK, football sits top of the rankings. It was found that in 2023/24, roughly 40 percent of children in the UK played football, while running, cross-country, jogging, and the Daily Mile came in second place with a share of nearly 27 percent. How many children in the United States play tennis? As the host nation of the Grand Slam tournament, the U.S. Open, the United States has a long and illustrious history with tennis, producing legends of the game such as Pete Sampras, Jimmy Connors, and the Williams sisters. Accordingly, around one-third of the U.S. population claim to be tennis fans. At the school level, however, there was a smaller share of children aged six to 12 playing tennis in the U.S. in 2023 than in England, totaling 6.5 percent.