Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by immigrant status and age group, last 5 years.

In 2023, the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador had the highest unemployment rate in Canada. That year, it had a ten percent unemployment rate. In comparison, Québec had the lowest unemployment rate at 4.5 percent.

Nunavut

Nunavut is the largest and most northern province of Canada. Their economy is powered by many industries which include mining, oil, gas, hunting, fishing, and transportation. They have a high amount of mineral resources and many of their jobs come from mining, however, the territory still suffers from a high unemployment rate, which has fluctuated since 2004. The lack of necessary education, skills, and mobility are all factors that play a part in unemployment. Most of the population identifies as Inuit. Their official languages include English, French, and several Inuit languages. The capital is Iqaluit, which is their largest community and only city. The climate in Nunavut is a polar climate due to its high latitude, and as a result, it rarely goes above 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

Unemployment in Canada

The unemployment rate in Canada had been decreasing since 2009, but increased to 9.7 percent in 2020 due to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Since 2006, landed immigrants have faced higher unemployment rates compared to those born in Canada. Youth unemployment in Canada has fluctuated since 1998, but has always remained in the double digits. Additionally, the average duration of unemployment in Canada in 2023 was about 17.4 weeks.

Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts (1)Frequency: OccasionalTable: 98-10-0648-01Release date: 2024-03-26Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable List: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)List of abbreviations and acronyms found within various Census products.(https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/symb-ab-acr-eng.cfm)Footnotes:1 Historical comparison of geographic areas The boundaries and names of census geographies can change from one census to the next. In order to facilitate data comparisons between censuses, previous census data have been adjusted to reflect as closely as possible the 2021 boundaries of these areas. The methodology used for this adjustment involved spatially linking blocks of previous censuses (concordance to the 1996 Census used the 1996 enumeration areas to the 2021 boundaries). A previous census block was linked to the 2021 area within which its representative point fell. A limited number of interactive linkages were completed to further enhance the adjustment in certain areas. For some census geographies, it was not possible to reflect the 2021 boundaries. The 2021 boundaries may not be reflected as there was no previous census block to assign to the 2021 area. As well previous census data for some 2021 areas may not be available due to the fact that the concordance did not produce an accurate representation of the 2021 area.2 Gender Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman). Gender includes the following concepts: gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually; gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender. A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time. Some people may not identify with a specific gender.3 Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category “non-binary persons” are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the “+” symbol. The sex variable in census years prior to 2021 and the two-category gender variable in the 2021 Census are included together. Although sex and gender refer to two different concepts, the introduction of gender is not expected to have a significant impact on data analysis and historical comparability, given the small size of the transgender and non-binary populations. For additional information on changes of concepts over time, please consult the Age, Sex at Birth and Gender Reference Guide.4 Age' refers to the age of a person (or subject) of interest at last birthday (or relative to a specified, well-defined reference date).5 First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.6 Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident. Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status. For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.7 Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.8 "Visible minority refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as persons other than Aboriginal peoples who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean, and Japanese.9 For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.10 Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.11 Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.12 Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.13 First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.14 Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.15 "Refers to the proportion of youth aged 15 to 29 who were not in employment during the census reference week (in 2021, the reference week is May 2 to May 8) and who had not attended any accredited educational institution or program in the eight months preceding the census day (for example, in 2021 this period is between September 2020 and 11 May 2021). The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is the main data source for calculating national estimates of the youth not in employment, education, or training indicator, commonly known as NEET." This indicator is calculated using data from the first quarter or the average of the first three months of the calendar year which excludes summer employment. This LFS-based indicator is published on an annual basis and is used for international comparisons. The NEET indicator has regularly published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since the late 1990s. However the census and other data sources such as social surveys like the Canadian Community Health Survey serve a different purpose. These data sources provide more specialized data that allowed deeper analysis of specific sociodemographic characteristics and conditions for a given population group which is a rich complement to understand the context and the factors behind the NEET estimates provided by the LFS. Although the Census of the Canadian population and the Labor Force Survey (LFS) measure similar concepts linked to labour market activities there are several fundamental differences between the characteristics of the two concept that measure the population of youth not in employment education or training. The most important of these differences is that in the LFS the reference period for school attendance and the reference period for employment are the same whereas in the Census they are different. Other differences between the census and the LFS include the length of the reference period the number of questions and their content the sample size the enumeration method and the coverage. For more information about the comparability of labour force status data from the Census of Population versus that of the LFS please consult the Appendix 2.11 from the Dictionary Census of Population 2021. which excludes summer employment. This LFS-based indicator is published on an annual basis and is used for international comparisons. The NEET indicator has regularly published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since the late 1990s. However the census and other data sources such as social surveys like the Canadian Community Health Survey serve a different purpose. These data sources provide more specialized data that allowed deeper analysis of specific sociodemographic characteristics and conditions for a given population group which is a rich complement to understand the context and the factors behind the NEET estimates provided by the LFS. Although the Census of the Canadian population and the Labor Force Survey (LFS) measure similar concepts linked to labour market activities there are several fundamental differences between the characteristics of the two concept that measure the population of youth not in employment education or training. The most important of these differences is that in the LFS the reference period for school attendance and the reference period for employment are the same whereas in the Census they are different. Other differences between the census and the LFS include the length of the reference

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) is conducted annually to obtain work experience and income information from Canadian households. The Survey provides up-to-date information on the distribution and sources of income, before and after taxes, for families and individuals. With this file, users may identify specific family types, such as two-parent and lone-parent families. Information is also provided on earnings, transfers, and total income for the head and the spouse of the census family unit, as well as personal and labour-related characteristics. This reference year for this file is 1984. Commencing with the 1998 microdata files, annual cross-sectional income data will be sourced from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).

Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts (1)Frequency: OccasionalTable: 98-10-0648-01Release date: 2024-03-26Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable List: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)List of abbreviations and acronyms found within various Census products.(https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/symb-ab-acr-eng.cfm)Footnotes:1 Historical comparison of geographic areas The boundaries and names of census geographies can change from one census to the next. In order to facilitate data comparisons between censuses, previous census data have been adjusted to reflect as closely as possible the 2021 boundaries of these areas. The methodology used for this adjustment involved spatially linking blocks of previous censuses (concordance to the 1996 Census used the 1996 enumeration areas to the 2021 boundaries). A previous census block was linked to the 2021 area within which its representative point fell. A limited number of interactive linkages were completed to further enhance the adjustment in certain areas. For some census geographies, it was not possible to reflect the 2021 boundaries. The 2021 boundaries may not be reflected as there was no previous census block to assign to the 2021 area. As well previous census data for some 2021 areas may not be available due to the fact that the concordance did not produce an accurate representation of the 2021 area.2 Gender Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman). Gender includes the following concepts: gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually; gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender. A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time. Some people may not identify with a specific gender.3 Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category “non-binary persons” are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the “+” symbol. The sex variable in census years prior to 2021 and the two-category gender variable in the 2021 Census are included together. Although sex and gender refer to two different concepts, the introduction of gender is not expected to have a significant impact on data analysis and historical comparability, given the small size of the transgender and non-binary populations. For additional information on changes of concepts over time, please consult the Age, Sex at Birth and Gender Reference Guide.4 Age' refers to the age of a person (or subject) of interest at last birthday (or relative to a specified, well-defined reference date).5 First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.6 Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident. Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status. For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.7 Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.8 "Visible minority refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as persons other than Aboriginal peoples who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean, and Japanese.9 For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.10 Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.11 Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.12 Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.13 First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.14 Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.15 "Refers to the proportion of youth aged 15 to 29 who were not in employment during the census reference week (in 2021, the reference week is May 2 to May 8) and who had not attended any accredited educational institution or program in the eight months preceding the census day (for example, in 2021 this period is between September 2020 and 11 May 2021). The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is the main data source for calculating national estimates of the youth not in employment, education, or training indicator, commonly known as NEET." This indicator is calculated using data from the first quarter or the average of the first three months of the calendar year which excludes summer employment. This LFS-based indicator is published on an annual basis and is used for international comparisons. The NEET indicator has regularly published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since the late 1990s. However the census and other data sources such as social surveys like the Canadian Community Health Survey serve a different purpose. These data sources provide more specialized data that allowed deeper analysis of specific sociodemographic characteristics and conditions for a given population group which is a rich complement to understand the context and the factors behind the NEET estimates provided by the LFS. Although the Census of the Canadian population and the Labor Force Survey (LFS) measure similar concepts linked to labour market activities there are several fundamental differences between the characteristics of the two concept that measure the population of youth not in employment education or training. The most important of these differences is that in the LFS the reference period for school attendance and the reference period for employment are the same whereas in the Census they are different. Other differences between the census and the LFS include the length of the reference period the number of questions and their content the sample size the enumeration method and the coverage. For more information about the comparability of labour force status data from the Census of Population versus that of the LFS please consult the Appendix 2.11 from the Dictionary Census of Population 2021. which excludes summer employment. This LFS-based indicator is published on an annual basis and is used for international comparisons. The NEET indicator has regularly published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since the late 1990s. However the census and other data sources such as social surveys like the Canadian Community Health Survey serve a different purpose. These data sources provide more specialized data that allowed deeper analysis of specific sociodemographic characteristics and conditions for a given population group which is a rich complement to understand the context and the factors behind the NEET estimates provided by the LFS. Although the Census of the Canadian population and the Labor Force Survey (LFS) measure similar concepts linked to labour market activities there are several fundamental differences between the characteristics of the two concept that measure the population of youth not in employment education or training. The most important of these differences is that in the LFS the reference period for school attendance and the reference period for employment are the same whereas in the Census they are different. Other differences between the census and the LFS include the length of the reference

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) is conducted annually to obtain work experience and income information from Canadian households. The Survey provides up-to-date information on the distribution and sources of income, before and after taxes, for families and individuals. With this file, users may identify specific family types, such as two-parent and lone-parent families. Information is also provided on earnings, transfers, and total income for the head and the spouse of the census family unit, as well as personal and labour-related characteristics. This reference year for this file is 1982. Commencing with the 1998 microdata files, annual cross-sectional income data will be sourced from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).