The fertility rate of a country is the average number of children that women from that country will have throughout their reproductive years. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the fertility rate was 5.91 children per woman in 1850, and it dropped gradually until the middle of the twentieth century. From 1955 onwards (when Bosnia and Herzegovina was a part of Yugoslavia), the fertility rate dropped sharply, and fell to just 1.68 births per woman at the end of the century. There was almost no decline in the late 1990s, following the end of the Bosnian War, however Bosnia and Herzegovina's fertility rate then dropped to approximately 1.3 children per woman in the past two decades.

Crude Birth Rate for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia was 9.20000 Births per 1,000 People in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Crude Birth Rate for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia reached a record high of 29.66500 in January of 1960 and a record low of 9.20000 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Crude Birth Rate for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

In 1800, the population of the region making up present-day Croatia was just over 1.2 million. Croatia's population grew relatively consistently throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, despite the region suffering around 200,000 fatalities in each of the World Wars. The lack of clearly defined boundaries, mass displacement and general disorganization have made it very difficult for historians to estimate the total number of fatalities suffered by Croatia and by ethnic Croats in this time; additionally, the various ethnic groups within Yugoslavia at the time committed a number of atrocities against one another, which has exacerbated this.

In spite of these events, the population of Croatia would continue to grow steadily until the early 1990s, when it was one of six parts of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. In the wake of communism's demise in Southern Europe in the late 20th century, Croatia claimed its sovereignty in 1991, which set in motion the Croatian War of Independence with Serbia. War was waged for four years, and saw the deaths of more than 20,000 people, while several hundred thousand were displaced. In the quarter century since the war's end, Croatia has emerged as a high-income, developing country, with a booming tourism and hospitality industry. However the population has continued to drop as a result of declining birth rates, and large-scale economic migration (particularly influenced by the financial crisis of 2008 and Croatia's accession to the European Union in 2013).

Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of - Fertility Rate, Total for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia was 1.50000 Births per Woman in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of - Fertility Rate, Total for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia reached a record high of 3.84200 in January of 1960 and a record low of 1.31000 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of - Fertility Rate, Total for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

Adolescent Fertility Rate for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia was 12.96300 Births per 1,000 Women Ages 15-19 in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Adolescent Fertility Rate for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia reached a record high of 50.87200 in January of 1982 and a record low of 12.96300 in January of 2023. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Adolescent Fertility Rate for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

In 2022, the largest group of foreign-born citizens from European countries residing in Sweden were from the neighboring country Finland. 133,000 Fins lived in Sweden in 2022. People born in Poland made up the second largest group of foreign-born Europeans, followed by people born in the former Yugoslavia, from which many people migrated during the Yugoslavian wars in the 1990s.

Life expectancy at birth was approximately 35 years in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the beginning of the twentieth century. It remained around this level until the First World War and Spanish Flu Epidemic caused it to drop to 32 in the 1910s. Following this, life expectancy increased to over 45 years by 1940, however it then dropped by almost twenty years as a result of the Second World War; this reduction was not only because of the conflict, but also due to a series of ethnically motivated genocides in the Balkans. Following the war, life expectancy continued along its previous trajectory, reaching almost 72 years in 1990. The outbreak of the Bosnian War and the instability caused by Yugoslavia's collapse saw life expectancy drop slightly in the early 1990s, before it then rose again at the end of the century. Today, life expectancy from birth in Bosnia and Herzegovina is over 77 years.