In 2023, there were just seven confirmed cases of Zika virus in the United States, all of which were travel-associated. This is a huge decrease from 2016 when an outbreak of Zika resulted in over 5,000 cases in the United States and thousands more in South America, especially in Brazil. Zika virus can be transmitted through mosquito bites, from a pregnant woman to her fetus, through sex, and likely through blood transfusion. The Zika virus in the United States At the height of the latest Zika outbreak in the United States in 2016, almost every U.S. state reported cases of Zika virus infection, with the states of Florida and New York reporting the highest numbers with each over 1,000 cases. However, the vast majority of those cases were travel associated. Although most people with Zika virus only have mild symptoms, if at all, Zika infection during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects, including microcephaly. From January 2016 to June 2017, it was estimated that around 2,667 live births in the United States had brain abnormalities and/or microcephaly potentially related to Zika virus. The Zika virus in Brazil The latest Zika virus outbreak began in Brazil in 2015 with cases peaking in the country in 2016. In 2016, there were almost 274 thousand cases of Zika virus in Brazil. However, cases decreased significantly in 2017. In 2023, Brazil reported around 35 thousand Zika virus cases. Although the entire country has been impacted by the virus, certain areas have been affected more than others. In 2017, the Central-West of the country reported the most cases, but from 2019 to 2022 the Northeast saw the highest number of cases. Reported cases of microcephaly also peaked in 2016 with 2,276 such cases. By 2023, this number had dropped to just 318.

In 2024, approximately ****** Zika virus infections were reported in Latin America and the Caribbean, up from ****** cases reported a year earlier. This represents an overall decrease after peaking at over ******* infections in 2016. Brazil was by far the country with the highest number of Zika infections in Latin America as of 2024. Tropical diseases in Latin America Tropical diseases are illnesses prevalent in tropical and subtropical climates, where humidity and high temperatures are widespread. In 2023, there were approximately ******* cases of Chikungunya and in the beggining of 2025, over ************cases of dengue in Latin America, with Brazil accounting for the highest number. With more than ******* infections, Brazil recorded the highest number of suspected and confirmed cases of malaria in the region in 2022. Zika virus in Brazil Brazil recorded over ****** cases of Zika virus infections in 2023. With around ******* cases, 2016 had the highest number of Zika infections in the country during the period between 2015 and 2024. In 2022, over ** percent of the Zika cases in Brazil occurred in Rio Grande do Norte, a state located in the northeast. With more than *** affected children as of 2021, the state of Pernambuco had the greatest number of verified cases of congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS). CZS refers to a range of birth defects caused by Zika infection during pregnancy.

This graph shows the number of Zika virus disease cases by U.S. state or territory in 2017. In that year, Florida reported 110 symptomatic Zika virus disease cases, a decrease from over 1,000 cases in 2016. The World Health Organization announced an end to the Zika virus epidemic that spread from Brazil to other parts of South and North America in November 2016.

NNDSS - TABLE 1PP. Yellow fever to Zika virus disease, non-congenital - 2019. In this Table, provisional cases* of notifiable diseases are displayed for United States, U.S. territories, and Non-U.S. residents. Note: This table contains provisional cases of national notifiable diseases from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data from the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly on the NNDSS Data and Statistics web page (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/data-and-statistics.html). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of the time needed to complete case follow-up. Therefore, numbers presented in later weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. The national surveillance case definitions used to define a case are available on the NNDSS web site at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/. Information about the weekly provisional data and guides to interpreting data are available at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/infectious-tables.html. Footnotes: U: Unavailable — The reporting jurisdiction was unable to send the data to CDC or CDC was unable to process the data. -: No reported cases — The reporting jurisdiction did not submit any cases to CDC. N: Not reportable — The disease or condition was not reportable by law, statute, or regulation in the reporting jurisdiction. NN: Not nationally notifiable — This condition was not designated as being nationally notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published — CDC does not have data because of changes in how conditions are categorized. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Max: Maximum — Maximum case count during the previous 52 weeks. * Case counts for reporting years 2018 and 2019 are provisional and subject to change. Cases are assigned to the reporting jurisdiction submitting the case to NNDSS, if the case's country of usual residence is the US, a US territory, unknown, or null (i.e. country not reported); otherwise, the case is assigned to the 'Non-US Residents' category. For further information on interpretation of these data, see https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/Users_guide_WONDER_tables_cleared_final.pdf. † Previous 52 week maximum and cumulative YTD are determined from periods of time when the condition was reportable in the jurisdiction (i.e., may be less than 52 weeks of data or incomplete YTD data).

NNDSS - Table II. West Nile to Zika - 2018. In this Table, provisional cases of selected notifiable diseases (≥1,000 cases reported during the preceding year), and selected low frequency diseases are displayed. The Table includes total number of cases reported in the United States, by region and by states or territory.

Note:

This table contains provisional cases of selected national notifiable diseases from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data from the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly on the NNDSS Data and Statistics web page (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/data-and-statistics.html). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of the time needed to complete case follow-up. Therefore, numbers presented in later weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. The national surveillance case definitions used to define a case are available on the NNDSS web site at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/. Information about the weekly provisional data and guides to interpreting data are available at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/infectious-tables.html.

Footnotes:

C.N.M.I.: Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands. U: Unavailable. —: No reported cases. N: Not reportable. NA: Not Available. NN: Not Nationally Notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Med: Median. Max: Maximum.

• Case counts for reporting years 2017 and 2018 are provisional and subject to change. Data for years 2013 through 2016 are finalized. For further information on interpretation of these data, see http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/ProvisionalNationaNotifiableDiseasesSurveillanceData20100927.pdf.

† Not reportable in all jurisdictions. Reporting exceptions are available at http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/downloads.html.

BackgroundOver 400,000 people across the Americas are thought to have been infected with Zika virus as a consequence of the 2015–2016 Latin American outbreak. Official government-led case count data in Latin America are typically delayed by several weeks, making it difficult to track the disease in a timely manner. Thus, timely disease tracking systems are needed to design and assess interventions to mitigate disease transmission.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe combined information from Zika-related Google searches, Twitter microblogs, and the HealthMap digital surveillance system with historical Zika suspected case counts to track and predict estimates of suspected weekly Zika cases during the 2015–2016 Latin American outbreak, up to three weeks ahead of the publication of official case data. We evaluated the predictive power of these data and used a dynamic multivariable approach to retrospectively produce predictions of weekly suspected cases for five countries: Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Venezuela, and Martinique. Models that combined Google (and Twitter data where available) with autoregressive information showed the best out-of-sample predictive accuracy for 1-week ahead predictions, whereas models that used only Google and Twitter typically performed best for 2- and 3-week ahead predictions.SignificanceGiven the significant delay in the release of official government-reported Zika case counts, we show that these Internet-based data streams can be used as timely and complementary ways to assess the dynamics of the outbreak.

In 2023, Brazil reported 35,041 cases of Zika virus disease, making it the Latin American country with the most Zika infections among selected nations that year. Bolivia ranked second, with 881 registered Zika virus infections. By 2024, the value of the Zika virus vaccine market in Latin America is expected to reach approximately 2.7 billion U.S. dollars.

NNDSS - TABLE 1PP. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, Sabia virus to Zika virus disease, non-congenital – 2022. In this Table, provisional cases* of notifiable diseases are displayed for United States, U.S. territories, and Non-U.S. residents. Notes: • These are weekly cases of selected infectious national notifiable diseases, from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data reported by the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly as numbered tables available at https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/data-statistics/index.html. Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are subject to ongoing revision of information and delayed reporting. Therefore, numbers listed in later weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. Case counts in the tables are presented as published each week. See also Guide to Interpreting Provisional and Finalized NNDSS Data at https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/docs/Readers-Guide-WONDER-Tables-20210421-508.pdf. • Notices, errata, and other notes are available in the Notice To Data Users page at https://wonder.cdc.gov/nndss/NTR.html. • The list of national notifiable infectious diseases and conditions and their national surveillance case definitions are available at https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/. This list incorporates the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) position statements approved by CSTE for national surveillance. Footnotes: *Case counts for reporting years 2021 and 2022 are provisional and subject to change. Cases are assigned to the reporting jurisdiction submitting the case to NNDSS, if the case's country of usual residence is the U.S., a U.S. territory, unknown, or null (i.e. country not reported); otherwise, the case is assigned to the 'Non-U.S. Residents' category. Country of usual residence is currently not reported by all jurisdictions or for all conditions. For further information on interpretation of these data, see https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/docs/Readers-Guide-WONDER-Tables-20210421-508.pdf. †Previous 52 week maximum and cumulative YTD are determined from periods of time when the condition was reportable in the jurisdiction (i.e., may be less than 52 weeks of data or incomplete YTD data). U: Unavailable — The reporting jurisdiction was unable to send the data to CDC or CDC was unable to process the data. -: No reported cases — The reporting jurisdiction did not submit any cases to CDC. N: Not reportable — The disease or condition was not reportable by law, statute, or regulation in the reporting jurisdiction. NN: Not nationally notifiable — This condition was not designated as being nationally notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published. NC: Not calculated — There is insufficient data available to support the calculation of this statistic. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Max: Maximum — Maximum case count during the previous 52 weeks.

Values in brackets represent the mean estimates under the assumption of a 0.1:1 and 10:1 ZIKV-dengue ratios.

Zika Cases per Country in South and Central America

Snapshot img

Zika Virus Therapeutics Market Size 2024-2028

The zika virus therapeutics market size is forecast to increase by USD 4.17 billion at a CAGR of 4.5% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key factors. One of the primary drivers is the availability of serology kits for the qualitative diagnosis of Zika virus infection. This allows for early detection and treatment of the disease, which is crucial given the asymptomatic nature of the infection in many cases. Additionally, increasing efforts by both government and private organizations to facilitate vaccine development are contributing to market growth. The lack of effective treatments and vaccines for Zika virus infection presents a significant challenge, but ongoing research and development efforts are expected to lead to new therapeutic options in the near future. Overall, the market is poised for substantial growth In the coming years as the global community continues to grapple with this emerging infectious disease.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market represents a significant response to the global health concern posed by the Zika virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus is associated with severe birth defects, including microcephaly, and can also be contracted through sexual contact from an infected partner. The clinical manifestations of Zika virus infection include rash, malaise, headache, low-grade fever, and arthralgia. As of now, there are no approved vaccines or specific antiviral drugs for treating Zika virus infections.
These efforts include the development of small molecule inhibitors and other therapeutic approaches. The Zika virus market is expected to grow substantially due to the ongoing epidemic and the high unmet medical need for effective treatments. Additionally, the potential cross-reactive applications of Zika virus therapeutics in other mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue, malaria, typhoid, and pneumonia, further expand the market's scope.

How is this Zika Virus Therapeutics Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The zika virus therapeutics industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Product

  Acetaminophen
  Other NSAIDs


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Denmark


  Asia

    China
    India


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The acetaminophen segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Zika virus, a mosquito-borne infection from the Flavivirus family, is linked to severe birth defects, primarily microcephaly and congenital disabilities. The primary mode of transmission is through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, but sexual contact can also spread the virus to the mother and fetus. Acetaminophen, a common analgesic and antipyretic, is used for symptomatic relief of fever, rash, malaise, headache, arthralgia, and pruritic maculopapular rashes. As a first-line therapy for pain conditions, acetaminophen is the most widely used medication. Its antipyretic effect helps reduce fever associated with Zika virus infection. However, potential treatments for Zika virus infection go beyond symptomatic relief.

Researchers are exploring small molecule inhibitors, such as Emricasan, which exhibits antiviral activity against Zika virus in laboratory studies by inhibiting host protein caspase-8 and blocking viral replication. Drug development processes involve safety and efficacy clinical trials for potential treatment options, addressing viral resistance development, broader efficacy, and safety profile. Novel drug targets and therapeutic approaches are being investigated, along with repurposing existing drugs. Market segmentation includes oral, injection, antiviral medications, vaccines, and medical diagnostic testing for severe cases. Driving factors include public health concerns, neurological complications, and commercial opportunities. Reimbursement policies and advances in technology, such as computational modeling and genomic analysis, are also crucial aspects of the market.

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The acetaminophen segment was valued at USD 8.2 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

Asia is estimated to contribute 35% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market

Analysis of ‘NNDSS - TABLE 1PP. Yellow fever to Zika virus disease, non-congenital’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/c95cc113-1022-4dd1-b2b9-c7d96894348e on 26 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

NNDSS - TABLE 1PP. Yellow fever to Zika virus disease, non-congenital - 2019. In this Table, provisional cases* of notifiable diseases are displayed for United States, U.S. territories, and Non-U.S. residents.

Note: This table contains provisional cases of national notifiable diseases from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). NNDSS data from the 50 states, New York City, the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories are collated and published weekly on the NNDSS Data and Statistics web page (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/data-and-statistics.html). Cases reported by state health departments to CDC for weekly publication are provisional because of the time needed to complete case follow-up. Therefore, numbers presented in later weeks may reflect changes made to these counts as additional information becomes available. The national surveillance case definitions used to define a case are available on the NNDSS web site at https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/. Information about the weekly provisional data and guides to interpreting data are available at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/infectious-tables.html.

Footnotes: U: Unavailable — The reporting jurisdiction was unable to send the data to CDC or CDC was unable to process the data. -: No reported cases — The reporting jurisdiction did not submit any cases to CDC. N: Not reportable — The disease or condition was not reportable by law, statute, or regulation in the reporting jurisdiction. NN: Not nationally notifiable — This condition was not designated as being nationally notifiable. NP: Nationally notifiable but not published — CDC does not have data because of changes in how conditions are categorized. Cum: Cumulative year-to-date counts. Max: Maximum — Maximum case count during the previous 52 weeks. * Case counts for reporting years 2018 and 2019 are provisional and subject to change. Cases are assigned to the reporting jurisdiction submitting the case to NNDSS, if the case's country of usual residence is the US, a US territory, unknown, or null (i.e. country not reported); otherwise, the case is assigned to the 'Non-US Residents' category. For further information on interpretation of these data, see https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/document/Users_guide_WONDER_tables_cleared_final.pdf. † Previous 52 week maximum and cumulative YTD are determined from periods of time when the condition was reportable in the jurisdiction (i.e., may be less than 52 weeks of data or incomplete YTD data).

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

This graph shows the number of Zika virus disease cases by U.S. state or territory in 2015. In that year, Florida reported nine symptomatic Zika virus disease cases. From early 2015 to late 2016, a Zika epidemic spread from Brazil to other parts of South and North America. In 2016, the number of Zika cases in Florida rose to over 1,000.

In 2016, Zika virus disease became a nationally notifiable condition. Cases are reported to CDC by state, territorial, and local health departments using standard case definitions. These are final 2015 - 2016 data reported to ArboNET and the CDC for Zika virus disease. As well as the Provisional Data* as of July 3, 2018 for cases in 2017 - 2018.

North America Zika Virus Testing comes with extensive industry analysis of development components, patterns, flows, and sizes. The report calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management during the forecast period between 2025 - 2033.

BackgroundAs Zika virus continues to spread, decisions regarding resource allocations to control the outbreak underscore the need for a tool to weigh policies according to their cost and the health burden they could avert. For example, to combat the current Zika outbreak the US President requested the allocation of $1.8 billion from Congress in February 2016.Methodology/Principal FindingsIllustrated through an interactive tool, we evaluated how the number of Zika cases averted, the period during pregnancy in which Zika infection poses a risk of microcephaly, and probabilities of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) impact the cost at which an intervention is cost-effective. From Northeast Brazilian microcephaly incidence data, we estimated the probability of microcephaly in infants born to Zika-infected women (0.49% to 2.10%). We also estimated the probability of GBS arising from Zika infections in Brazil (0.02% to 0.06%) and Colombia (0.08%). We calculated that each microcephaly and GBS case incurs the loss of 29.95 DALYs and 1.25 DALYs per case, as well as direct medical costs for Latin America and the Caribbean of $91,102 and $28,818, respectively. We demonstrated the utility of our cost-effectiveness tool with examples evaluating funding commitments by Costa Rica and Brazil, the US presidential proposal, and the novel approach of genetically modified mosquitoes. Our analyses indicate that the commitments and the proposal are likely to be cost-effective, whereas the cost-effectiveness of genetically modified mosquitoes depends on the country of implementation.Conclusions/SignificanceCurrent estimates from our tool suggest that the health burden from microcephaly and GBS warrants substantial expenditures focused on Zika virus control. Our results justify the funding committed in Costa Rica and Brazil and many aspects of the budget outlined in the US president’s proposal. As data continue to be collected, new parameter estimates can be customized in real-time within our user-friendly tool to provide updated estimates on cost-effectiveness of interventions and inform policy decisions in country-specific settings.

Data profile for countries.

This repository contains the data of the study "The impact of news exposure on collective attention in the United States during the 2016 Zika epidemic".

Epidemiological data

The folder zika_USA_weekly_cases_2016.zip contains weekly ZIKV incidence counts reported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016, by state. Data were extracted from reports made publicly available by the CDC at: https://zenodo.org/record/584136#.Xk07-RNKjOQ

Web news data

The file news_GDELT_data.csv.gz contains all news items extracted from the GDELT platform (https://www.gdeltproject.org/) matching TAX_DISEASE_ZIKA as a Theme, and United_States as a Location in the GDELT platform.

TV closed captions

The file zika_TV_mentions_dataframe.csv contains all the TV news items of 2016 matching the word ``Zika" in the TV News Archive https://archive.org/details/tv

Wikipedia pageview counts

Dataset 1: wikipedia_dataset1_zika_daily_pageview_usa.csv

Content of each line of the dataset: day, pageview_count

The dataset contains the daily number of pageview counts of 128 different Wikipedia pages related to the Zika virus (aggregated and summed to total) originated in the United States, from January 1st to December 31st, 2016.

Dataset 2: wikipedia_dataset2_zika_daily_pageview_bystate.zip

Content of each line of the dataset: day, pageview_count, state

The dataset contains the daily number of pageview counts of 128 different Wikipedia pages related to the Zika virus (aggregated and summed to total) originated in the United States, disaggregated by state, from January 1st to December 31st, 2016.

Dataset 3: wikipedia_dataset3_zika_pagecount_by_city.csv

Content of each line of the dataset: US_city, pageview_count_Zika,pageview_count_total

The dataset contains the total number of pageview counts of 128 different Wikipedia pages related to the Zika virus (pageview_count_Zika) originated in 788 cities (US_city) of the United States with a population larger than 40,000 in 2016.The dataset also contains the total number of pageview counts to all Wikipedia pages (all Wikipedia projects, pageview_count_total) originated in 788 cities (US_city) of the United States with a population larger than 40,000 in 2016."

In 2023, Mexico reported 29 cases of the Zika virus disease, up from 12 cases recorded a year earlier. During the period analyzed, 2016 was the year with the highest number of Zika infections in the North American country, with more than 8,000 cases. Within the Latin American and Caribbean region, Brazil was the country that accounted for most Zika cases that year. A vector borne disease Zika is an infectious disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which is also a vector of dengue fever. In Latin America, Zika reached nearly 37,000 infections in 2023, most of which were reported in Brazil. This disease can also be sexually transmitted and can be acquired through blood transfusions. Zika is associated with microcephaly in newborns and in rare cases with the Guillain Barré syndrome. In 2021, 287 cases of microcephaly in children were reported in Brazil, a slight decrease when compared to the number of cases reported in recent years. This health condition disrupts brain growth and can cause intellectual impairment and motor problems. Preventive measures Prevention strategies are essential to reduce the economic and social burden of mosquito-borne diseases such as the Zika virus infection. Preventive measures aim to control and reduce the mosquito population while raising awareness to avoid bites with repellents and the importance of safe sex practices to minimize the risks of infection. Although a vaccine has not yet been approved, it has been estimated that market for the Zika virus vaccine in Latin America could be worth approximately 2.67 billion U.S. dollars by 2024.

BackgroundDuring the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, outbreaks of Zika were reported from Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra, India in 2021. The Dengue and Chikungunya negative samples were retrospectively screened to determine the presence of the Zika virus from different geographical regions of India.MethodsDuring May to October 2021, the clinical samples of 1475 patients, across 13 states and a union territory of India were screened and re-tested for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika by CDC Trioplex Real time RT-PCR. The Zika rRTPCR positive samples were further screened with anti-Zika IgM and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. Next generation sequencing was used for further molecular characterization.ResultsThe positivity was observed for Zika (67), Dengue (121), and Chikungunya (10) amongst screened cases. The co-infections of Dengue/Chikungunya, Dengue/Zika, and Dengue/Chikungunya/Zika were also observed. All Zika cases were symptomatic with fever (84%) and rash (78%) as major presenting symptoms. Of them, four patients had respiratory distress, one presented with seizures, and one with suspected microcephaly at birth. The Asian Lineage of Zika and all four serotypes of Dengue were found in circulation.ConclusionOur study indicates the spread of the Zika virus to several states of India and an urgent need to strengthen its surveillance.