The FHFA House Price Index (FHFA HPI®) is the nation’s only collection of public, freely available house price indexes that measure changes in single-family home values based on data from all 50 states and over 400 American cities that extend back to the mid-1970s. The FHFA HPI incorporates tens of millions of home sales and offers insights about house price fluctuations at the national, census division, state, metro area, county, ZIP code, and census tract levels. FHFA uses a fully transparent methodology based upon a weighted, repeat-sales statistical technique to analyze house price transaction data. ​ What does the FHFA HPI represent? The FHFA HPI is a broad measure of the movement of single-family house prices. The FHFA HPI is a weighted, repeat-sales index, meaning that it measures average price changes in repeat sales or refinancings on the same properties. This information is obtained by reviewing repeat mortgage transactions on single-family properties whose mortgages have been purchased or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac since January 1975.

The FHFA HPI serves as a timely, accurate indicator of house price trends at various geographic levels. Because of the breadth of the sample, it provides more information than is available in other house price indexes. It also provides housing economists with an improved analytical tool that is useful for estimating changes in the rates of mortgage defaults, prepayments and housing affordability in specific geographic areas.

U.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency, All-Transactions House Price Index for Connecticut [CTSTHPI], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CTSTHPI, August 2, 2023.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Home Prices (EC7)

FULL MEASURE NAME Home Prices

LAST UPDATED August 2019

DESCRIPTION Home prices refer to the cost of purchasing one’s own house or condominium. While a significant share of residents may choose to rent, home prices represent a primary driver of housing affordability in a given region, county or city.

DATA SOURCE Zillow Median Sale Price (1997-2018) http://www.zillow.com/research/data/

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers Data Table (1997-2018; specific to each metro area) http://data.bls.gov

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) Median housing price estimates for the region, counties, cities, and zip code come from analysis of individual home sales by Zillow. The median sale price is the price separating the higher half of the sales from the lower half. In other words, 50 percent of home sales are below or above the median value. Zillow defines all homes as single-family residential, condominium, and co-operative homes with a county record. Single-family residences are detached, which means the home is an individual structure with its own lot. Condominiums are units that you own in a multi-unit complex, such as an apartment building. Co-operative homes are slightly different from condominiums where the homeowners own shares in the corporation that owns the building, not the actual units themselves.

For metropolitan area comparison values, the Bay Area metro area’s median home sale price is the population-weighted average of the nine counties’ median home prices. Home sales prices are not reliably available for Houston, because Texas is a non-disclosure state. For more information on non-disclosure states, see: http://www.zillow.com/blog/chronicles-of-data-collection-ii-non-disclosure-states-3783/

Inflation-adjusted data are presented to illustrate how home prices have grown relative to overall price increases; that said, the use of the Consumer Price Index does create some challenges given the fact that housing represents a major chunk of consumer goods bundle used to calculate CPI. This reflects a methodological tradeoff between precision and accuracy and is a common concern when working with any commodity that is a major component of CPI itself.

FHFA House Price IndexThe FHFA House Price Index (FHFA HPI®) is a comprehensive​ collection of publicly available house price indexes that measure changes in single-family home values based on data that extend back to the mid-1970s from all 50 states and over 400 American cities. The FHFA HPI incorporates tens of millions of home sales and offers insights about house price fluctuations at the national, census division, state, metro area, county, ZIP code, and census tract levels. FHFA uses a fully transparent methodology based upon a weighted, repeat-sales statistical technique to analyze house price transaction data.What does the FHFA HPI represent?The FHFA HPI is a broad measure of the movement of single-family house prices. The FHFA HPI is a weighted, repeat-sales index, meaning that it measures average price changes in repeat sales or refinancings on the same properties. This information is obtained by reviewing repeat mortgage transactions on single-family properties whose mortgages have been purchased or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac since January 1975.The FHFA HPI serves as a timely, accurate indicator of house price trends at various geographic levels. Because of the breadth of the sample, it provides more information than is available in other house price indexes. It also provides housing economists with an improved analytical tool that is useful for estimating changes in the rates of mortgage defaults, prepayments and housing affordability in specific geographic areas.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Home Prices (EC7)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Home Prices

LAST UPDATED
December 2022

DESCRIPTION
Home prices refer to the cost of purchasing one’s own house or condominium. While a significant share of residents may choose to rent, home prices represent a primary driver of housing affordability in a given region, county or city.

DATA SOURCE
Zillow: Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI) - http://www.zillow.com/research/data/
2000-2021

California Department of Finance: E-4 Historical Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State - https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/
2000-2021

US Census Population and Housing Unit Estimates - https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html
2000-2021

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index - http://data.bls.gov
2000-2021

US Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) - https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/zctas.html
2020 Census Blocks

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
Housing price estimates at the regional-, county-, city- and zip code-level come from analysis of individual home sales by Zillow based upon transaction records. Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI) is a smoothed, seasonally adjusted measure of the typical home value and market changes across a given region and housing type. It reflects the typical value for homes in the 35th to 65th percentile range. ZHVI is computed from public record transaction data as reported by counties. All standard real estate transactions are included in this metric, including REO sales and auctions. Zillow makes a substantial effort to remove transactions not typically considered a standard sale. Examples of these include bank takeovers of foreclosed properties, title transfers after a death or divorce and non arms-length transactions. Zillow defines all homes as single-family residential, condominium and co-operative homes with a county record. Single-family residences are detached, which means the home is an individual structure with its own lot. Condominiums are units that can be owned in a multi-unit complex, such as an apartment building. Co-operative homes are slightly different from condominiums in that the homeowners own shares in the corporation that owns the building, not the actual units themselves.

For metropolitan area comparison values, the Bay Area metro area’s median home sale price is the population-weighted average of the nine counties’ median home prices. Data is adjusted for inflation using Bureau of Labor Statistics metropolitan statistical area (MSA)-specific series. Inflation-adjusted data are presented to illustrate how home prices have grown relative to overall price increases; that said, the use of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) does create some challenges given the fact that housing represents a major chunk of consumer goods bundle used to calculate CPI. This reflects a methodological tradeoff between precision and accuracy and is a common concern when working with any commodity that is a major component of the CPI itself.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller TX-Dallas Home Price Index (DAXRNSA) from Jan 2000 to Jul 2025 about Dallas, TX, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller IL-Chicago Home Price Index (CHXRSA) from Jan 1987 to Jul 2025 about Chicago, WI, IN, IL, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Home Prices (EC7)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Home Prices

LAST UPDATED
December 2022

DESCRIPTION
Home prices refer to the cost of purchasing one’s own house or condominium. While a significant share of residents may choose to rent, home prices represent a primary driver of housing affordability in a given region, county or city.

DATA SOURCE
Zillow: Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI) - http://www.zillow.com/research/data/
2000-2021

California Department of Finance: E-4 Historical Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State - https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/
2000-2021

US Census Population and Housing Unit Estimates - https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html
2000-2021

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index - http://data.bls.gov
2000-2021

US Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) - https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/zctas.html
2020 Census Blocks

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
Housing price estimates at the regional-, county-, city- and zip code-level come from analysis of individual home sales by Zillow based upon transaction records. Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI) is a smoothed, seasonally adjusted measure of the typical home value and market changes across a given region and housing type. It reflects the typical value for homes in the 35th to 65th percentile range. ZHVI is computed from public record transaction data as reported by counties. All standard real estate transactions are included in this metric, including REO sales and auctions. Zillow makes a substantial effort to remove transactions not typically considered a standard sale. Examples of these include bank takeovers of foreclosed properties, title transfers after a death or divorce and non arms-length transactions. Zillow defines all homes as single-family residential, condominium and co-operative homes with a county record. Single-family residences are detached, which means the home is an individual structure with its own lot. Condominiums are units that can be owned in a multi-unit complex, such as an apartment building. Co-operative homes are slightly different from condominiums in that the homeowners own shares in the corporation that owns the building, not the actual units themselves.

For metropolitan area comparison values, the Bay Area metro area’s median home sale price is the population-weighted average of the nine counties’ median home prices. Data is adjusted for inflation using Bureau of Labor Statistics metropolitan statistical area (MSA)-specific series. Inflation-adjusted data are presented to illustrate how home prices have grown relative to overall price increases; that said, the use of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) does create some challenges given the fact that housing represents a major chunk of consumer goods bundle used to calculate CPI. This reflects a methodological tradeoff between precision and accuracy and is a common concern when working with any commodity that is a major component of the CPI itself.

Negative Equity in U.S. Housing Market

Measuring Home Values, Debt, and Credit Risk

By Zillow Data [source]

About this dataset

This dataset, Negative Equity in the US Housing Market, provides an in-depth look into the negative equity occurring across the United States during this single quarter. Included are metrics such as total amount of negative equity in millions of dollars, total number of homes in negative equity, percentage of homes with mortgages that are in negative equity and more. These data points provide helpful insights into both regional and national trends regarding the prevalence and rate of home mortgage delinquency stemming from a diminishment of value from peak levels.

Home types available for analysis include 'all homes', condos/co-ops, multifamily units containing five or more housing units as well as duplexes/triplexes. Additionally, Cash buyers rates for particular areas can also be determined by referencing this collection. Further metrics such as mortgage affordability rates and impacts on overall indebtedness are readily calculated using information related to Zillow's Home Value Index (ZHVI) forecast methodology and TransUnion data respectively.

Other variables featured within this dataset include characteristics like region type (i.e city, county ..etc), size rank based on population values , percentage change in ZHVI since peak levels as well as loan-to-value ratio greater than 200 across all regions constituted herein (NE). Moreover Zillow's own Secondary Mortgage Market Survey data is utilized to acquire average mortgage quote rates while correlative Census Bureau NCHS median household income figures represent typical assessable proportions between wages and debt obligations . So whether you're looking to assess effects along metro lines or detailed buffering through zip codes , this database should prove sufficient for insightful explorations! Nonetheless users must strictly adhere to all conditions encompassed within Terms Of Use commitments put forth by our lead provider before accessing any resources included herewith

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Research Ideas

• Analyzing regional and state trends in negative equity: Analyze geographic differences in the percentage of mortgages “underwater”, total amount of negative equity, number of homes at least 90 days late, and other key indicators to provide insight into the factors influencing negative equity across regions, states and cities.
• Tracking the recovery rate over time: Track short-term changes in numbers related to negative equity (e.g., region or area ZHVI Change from Peak) to monitor recovery rates over time as well as how different policy interventions are affecting homeownership levels in affected areas.
• Exploring best practices for promoting housing affordability: Compare affordability metrics (e.g., mortgage payments, price-to-income ratios) across different geographic locations over time to identify best practices for empowering homeowners and promoting stability within the housing market while reducing local inequality impacts related to availability of affordable housing options and access to credit markets like mortgages/loans etc

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

See the dataset description for more information.

Columns

File: NESummary_2017Q1_Public.csv | Column name | Description | |:------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | RegionType | The type of region (e.g., city, county, metro etc.) (String) | | City | Name of the city (String) | | County | Name of the county (String) | | State | Name of the state (String) | | Metro ...

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller CA-San Francisco Home Price Index (SFXRSA) from Jan 1987 to Jul 2025 about San Francisco, CA, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Massachusetts (MASTHPI) from Q1 1975 to Q2 2025 about MA, appraisers, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller CA-Los Angeles Home Price Index (LXXRSA) from Jan 1987 to Jun 2025 about Los Angeles, CA, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller WA-Seattle Home Price Index (SEXRNSA) from Jan 1990 to Jun 2025 about Seattle, WA, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller NY-New York Home Price Index (NYXRSA) from Jan 1987 to Jul 2025 about New York, NY, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Reference Layer: Popular Demographics in the United States_This feature layer provides Esri 2018 demographic estimates for popular variables including: 2018 Total Population, 2018 Household Population, 2018 Median Age, 2018 Median Household Income, 2018 Per Capita Income, 2018 Diversity Index and many more. Data is available from country, state, county, ZIP Code, tract, and block group level with adjustable scale visibility. It is intended as a sample feature service to demonstrate smart mapping capabilities with Esri's Demographic data. Example feature views and web maps built from this layer include:Predominant Generations in the United StatesUnemployment in the United StatesMedian Home Value and IncomePopulation Growth or Decline?For more information, visit the Updated Demographics documentation. For a full list of variables, click the Data tab. Note: This layer will not being continuously updated or maintained. Note: This data has been filtered from a national dataset: https://bcgis.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=2718975e52e24286acf8c3882b7ceb18 to only show Broward County Statistics

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Virginia (VASTHPI) from Q1 1975 to Q2 2025 about VA, appraisers, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Minnesota (MNSTHPI) from Q1 1975 to Q2 2025 about MN, appraisers, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Fairfax County, VA (ATNHPIUS51059A) from 1975 to 2024 about Fairfax County, VA; Washington; VA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Average Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (ASPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q2 2025 about sales, housing, and USA.