An annual publication in which the FBI provides data on the number of incidents, offenses, victims, and offenders in reported crimes that were motivated in whole or in part by a bias against the victim as perceived race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, disability, and gender identity.

In 2021, there were 3,906 victims of anti-Black or African American hate crimes in the United States, making it the racially-motivated hate crime with the most victims in that year. The second most common racially-motivated hate crime, anti-White crimes, had 1,341 victims in that year.

Hate crimes reported to the San Diego Police Department. A hate crime is a criminal act or attempted criminal act motivated by hatred based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, physical or mental disability or association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.

In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.

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Hate Crime Laws

45 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal government have enacted hate crime laws, which enhance penalties for crimes in which the victim is intentionally selected for vandalism or violence on the basis of a personal characteristic, such as race, religion, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, or national origin. Many of these laws were based on a Model Statute crafted by the Anti-Defamation League in 1981.

Hate Crime Statistics

Under the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 (HCSA), the FBI is required to prepare an annual report on hate crimes collected by state and local police departments across the country. Now in its 25th year, the HCSA report is the most important snapshot of the nature and magnitude of hate violence in America.

Cities That Do Not Report or Report 0 Hate Crimes

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The choropleth color scale depicts total reported hate crime incidents per 100,000 people in each state. States with darker shading have more reported incidents of hate crimes while states with lighter shading have fewer reported incidents.

The green circles represent cities that either Did Not Report hate crime data or reported 0 hate crimes for the year 2015. Circle size is proportional to city population.

Take note of the lightly shaded states in which many cities either Do Not Report or report 0 hate crimes.

View the Interactive Map here

Hate Crime Statutes

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Light Green = States without comprehensive hate crimes laws.

Red = States with no hate crimes laws.

Hate Crimes Reported by State

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Data Sources

• FBI 2015 Hate Crime Statistics
• Anti-Defamation League State Hate Statutory Provisions Research

This Dataset contains year, US state, offender race, offender ethnicity, offence name, bias description and victim type-wise total number of hate crime victims in USA

This dataset contains the yearly statistics of the race, ethnicity and age of the Known Offenders. Age is further categorized as above 18 and under 18. Here Known Offenders indicates that some aspects of the suspect are identified, thus distinguishing from an unknown offender.

A. SUMMARY These data represent hate crimes reported by the SFPD to the California Department of Justice. Read the detailed overview of this dataset here.

What is a Hate Crime? A hate crime is a crime against a person, group, or property motivated by the victim's real or perceived protected social group. An individual may be the victim of a hate crime if they have been targeted because of their actual or perceived: (1) disability, (2) gender, (3) nationality, (4) race or ethnicity, (5) religion, (6) sexual orientation, and/or (7) association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics. Hate crimes are serious crimes that may result in imprisonment or jail time.

B. HOW THE DATASET IS CREATED How is a Hate Crime Processed?
Not all prejudice incidents including the utterance of hate speech rise to the level of a hate crime. The U.S. Constitution allows hate speech if it does not interfere with the civil rights of others. While these acts are certainly hurtful, they do not rise to the level of criminal violations and thus may not be prosecuted. When a prejudice incident is reported, the reporting officer conducts a preliminary investigation and writes a crime or incident report. Bigotry must be the central motivation for an incident to be determined to be a hate crime. In that report, all facts such as verbatims or statements that occurred before or after the incident and characteristics such as the race, ethnicity, sex, religion, or sexual orientations of the victim and suspect (if known) are included. To classify a prejudice incident, the San Francisco Police Department’s Hate Crimes Unit of the Special Investigations Division conducts an analysis of the incident report to determine if the incident falls under the definition of a “hate crime” as defined by state law. California Penal Code 422.55 - Hate Crime Definition

C. UPDATE PROCESS These data are updated monthly.

D. HOW TO USE THIS DATASET This dataset includes the following information about each incident: the hate crime offense, bias type, location/time, and the number of hate crime victims and suspects. The data presented mirrors data published by the California Department of Justice, albeit at a higher frequency. The publishing of these data meet requirements set forth in PC 13023.

E. RELATED DATASETS California Department of Justice - Hate Crimes Info California Department of Justice - Hate Crimes Data

The Tempe Police Department prides itself in its continued efforts to reduce harm within the community and is providing this dataset on hate crime incidents that occur in Tempe.The Tempe Police Department documents the type of bias that motivated a hate crime according to those categories established by the FBI. These include crimes motivated by biases based on race and ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, gender and gender identity.The Bias Type categories provided in the data come from the Bias Motivation Categories as defined in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) manual, version 2020.1 dated 4/15/2021. The FBI NIBRS manual can be found at https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/ucr/ucr-2019-1-nibrs-user-manua-093020.pdf with the Bias Motivation Categories found on pages 78-79.Although data is updated monthly, there is a delay by one month to allow for data validation and submission.Information about Tempe Police Department's collection and reporting process for possible hate crimes is included in https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a963e97ca3494bfc8cd66d593eebabaf.Additional InformationSource: Data are from the Law Enforcement Records Management System (RMS)Contact: Angelique BeltranContact E-Mail: angelique_beltran@tempe.govData Source Type: TabularPreparation Method: Data from the Law Enforcement Records Management System (RMS) are entered by the Tempe Police Department into a GIS mapping system, which automatically publishes to open data.Publish Frequency: MonthlyPublish Method: New data entries are automatically published to open data. Data Dictionary

This Dataset contains year, date of incident, US State and location wise total number of adult and juvenile victims and offenders. The dataset also has data based on offender race, offender ethnicity, offence name, bias description and victim type level

Note: Only those biases which were closely related to Indian context namely Anti-Asian, Anti-Hindu, Anti-Sikh, Anti-Muslim, and Anti-Buddhist were considered in this dataset

This dataset contains the yearly statistics on the race and ethnicity of known offenders by type of offense. Major categories of bias motivations include Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry, Religion, Sexual Orientation, Disability, Gender and Gender Identity. Here Known Offenders indicates that some aspects of the suspect are identified, thus distinguishing from an unknown offender.

Content:

Data from Table 1, and 12 of the FBI's report on hate crimes. I cleaned files for use. The original datasets are available at the FBI's website.

Source:

FBI. (2019). Hate Crime Statistics. Available at https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime/2019

The Hate Crime Statistics dataset provides annual statistics on the number of incidents, offenses, victims, and offenders in reported crimes that are motivated in whole, or in part, by an offender’s bias against the victim’s perceived race, gender, gender identity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity. Hate crime data is captured by indicating the element of bias present in offenses already being reported to the UCR Program.

All law enforcement agencies, whether they submit Summary Reporting System (SRS) or National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) reports, can contribute hate crime data to the UCR Program using forms specified to collect such information.

Please see the UCR resources provided by the FBI for for more information on hate crime. Download this dataset to see totals for hate crimes across the country from 1991–2014.

Background

Congress mandates the collection of hate crime data

On April 23, 1990, Congress passed the Hate Crime Statistics Act, 28 U.S.C. § 534, which required the Attorney General to collect data “about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.” The Attorney General delegated the responsibilities of developing the procedures for implementing, collecting, and managing hate crime data to the Director of the FBI, who, in turn, assigned the tasks to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Under the direction of the Attorney General and with the cooperation and assistance of many local and state law enforcement agencies, the UCR Program created a hate crime data collection to comply with the congressional mandate.

Collection design

The designers of the Hate Crime Statistics Program sought to capture information about the types of bias that motivate crimes, the nature of the offenses, and some information about the victims and offenders. In creating the program, the designers recognized that hate crimes are not separate, distinct crimes; instead, they are traditional offenses motivated by the offender’s bias. (For example, an offender assaults a victim because of a bias against the victim’s race.) After much consideration, the developers agreed that hate crime data could be derived by capturing the additional element of bias in those offenses already being reported to the UCR Program. Attaching the collection of hate crime statistics to the established UCR data collection procedures, they concluded, would fulfill the directives of the Hate Crime Statistics Act without placing an undue additional reporting burden on law enforcement. In time, a substantial body of data would develop about the nature and frequency of bias crimes occurring throughout the nation.

The first hate crime publications

The UCR Program’s first publication on the subject was Hate Crime Statistics, 1990: A Resource Book, which was a compilation of hate crime data reported by 11 states that had collected the information under state authority in 1990 and were willing to offer their data as a prototype. The UCR Program continued to work with agencies familiar with investigating hate crimes and collecting related information so that it could develop and implement a more uniform method of data collection on a nationwide scale. Hate Crime Statistics, 1992, presented the first published data reported by law enforcement agencies across the country that participated in the UCR Hate Crime Statistics Program.

Subsequent changes to the hate crime data collection

• In September 1994, lawmakers amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to include bias against persons with disabilities by passing the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, Public Law 103-322. The FBI started gathering data for the additional bias type on January 1, 1997.
• The Church Arson Prevention Act, 18 U.S.C. § 247, which was signed into law in July 1996, removed the sunset clause from the original statute and mandated that the collection of hate crime data become a permanent part of the UCR Program.
• Congress further amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act by passing the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009, 18 U.S.C. §249 (Shepard/Byrd Act.) The amendment includes the collection of data for crimes motivated by bias against a particular gender (male and female) and gender identity (transgender and gender non-conforming). It also mandated the FBI to collect data concerning hate crimes committed by or directed against juveniles; the UCR Program met the mandate by permitting law enforcement to report the number of victims/offenders who are 18 years of age or older and the number of victims/offenders under the age of 18. (See the Hate Crime Statistics Act for referenced legislation, as amended.) Also, at the recommendation of the Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Advisory Policy Board (APB) and with input from the Hate Crime Coalition, the FBI revised the hate crime data collection’s sexual-orientation bias types to anti-gay (male); anti-lesbian; anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (mixed group); anti-heterosexual; and anti-bisexual. The FBI began collecting all of these data in 2013.
• In 2012, the UCR Hate Crime Statistics Program made additional system modifications to comply with the requirements established by the U.S. Government’s Office of Management and Budget for the collection of race and ethnicity. The revised race categories are White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The revised ethnicity categories are “Hispanic or Latino” and “Not Hispanic or Latino.” At the recommendation of the CJIS APB, the FBI began allowing agencies to report up to four additional bias motivations per offense type. The FBI began collecting data with these modifications in 2013.
• In 2013, at the recommendation of the CJIS APB and with the approval of the FBI Director, the UCR Program began collecting rape data under a revised definition and the absence of the term “forcible” from the offense name. The revised definition of rape as collected via the Summary Reporting System (SRS) is “Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” Although some SRS agencies have been able to apply the revised definition to their data collection procedures, not all agencies have been able to do so. Therefore, the UCR Program publishes the rape data of law enforcement agencies that submit their hate crime data via the SRS electronic record layout, or the Microsoft Excel Workbook Tool in accordance with the rape definition (i.e., revised or legacy [the historical definition]) the agency applies in the reporting year. For all law enforcement agencies that submit their hate crime data via NIBRS, the UCR Program combines the agencies’ totals for the offenses of rape (which includes both male and female victims), sodomy, and sexual assault with an object to derive rape figures in accordance with the broader revised definition. (See Methodology and About the UCR Program for more information.)
• In 2013, the Director of the FBI approved the CJIS APB’s recommendation to expand the bias types in the religion category to include all of those identified by the Pew Research Center and the U.S. Census Bureau. The Director also approved the collection of an anti-Arab bias. Beginning in 2015, law enforcement agencies could submit the following additional religious bias types: anti-Buddhist, anti-Eastern Orthodox (Greek, Russian, etc.), anti-Hindu, anti-Jehovah’s Witness, anti-Mormon, anti-Other Christian, and anti-Sikh. Furthermore, the Hate Crime Statistics Program began collecting race and ethnicity bias types under the combined category Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry, which includes the added bias type of anti-Arab. In addition, the anti-Not Hispanic or Latino bias type became the anti-Other Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry bias type. Data concerning these changes were first published in Hate Crime Statistics, 2015.
• In 2016, the UCR Program began permitting law enforcement agencies that contribute their data via NIBRS to report offenses of animal cruelty, identity theft, and hacking/computer invasion, as well as the location of cyberspace. Beginning January 1, 2017, the national UCR Program is no longer publishing rape data collected using the UCR legacy definition of rape. Because the definition of rape in NIBRS is gender-neutral, this change does not affect agencies that submit incident-based rape data via NIBRS.

Data provided

The hate crime data in this Web publication comprise a subset of information that law enforcement agencies submit to the UCR Program. Although the UCR Program historically calculates national estimates for specific tables in Crime in the United States, the program does not estimate any data (i.e., no estimation method is applied to account for missing data) in the Hate Crime Statistics Program. (See the subsection Agencies Contributing Data below and the accompanying table for more information about participating agencies.)

The types of hate crimes reported to the program (i.e., the biases that motivated the crimes) are further broken down into more specific categories. As collected for each hate crime incident, the aggregate data in this report include the following:

Incidents and offenses by bias motivation—Crimes reported to the FBI involve those motivated by biases based on race/ethnicity/ancestry, gender, gender identity, religion, disability, and sexual orientation, as well as crimes committed by and crimes directed against juveniles. Incidents may include one or more offense types. Victims—The types of victims collected for hate crime incidents include individuals (adults and juveniles), businesses/financial institutions, government entities, religious organizations, and society/public as a whole. Offenders—Law enforcement specifies the number of offenders (adults and juveniles), and when possible, the race and ethnicity of the offender or offenders as a group. Location type—Law enforcement may specify one of 46 location designations, e.g., residence/home, parking/drop lot/garage. The location type of cyberspace is collected in NIBRS only. Hate crime by jurisdiction—Includes data about hate crimes by state and agency. Participation

Law enforcement’s support

Law enforcement’s support and participation have been the most vital factors in moving the hate crime data collection effort from concept to reality. The International Association of Chiefs of Police, the National Sheriffs’ Association, the former UCR Data Providers’ Advisory Policy Board (which is now part of the CJIS APB),

This dataset contains the yearly statistics of the number of hate crime incidents by bias motivations and location. Major categories of bias motivations include Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry, Religion, Sexual Orientation, Disability, Gender and Gender Identity. Some of the important locations include Bars, ATMs, highways, streets, hotels, schools, universities etc.

In 2021, 698 hate crime offenses were reported in Washington, the most out of any state. Texas, Ohio, Massachusetts, and Michigan rounded out the top five states for hate crime offenses in that year.

In 2021, the FBI knew of 1,927 perpetrators of anti-Black or African American hate crimes conducted in the United States in that year. Furthermore, another 862 perpetrators of anti-White hate crimes were known to the FBI in that year.

This statistic reflects the number of offenders at least partially identified as having committed a hate crime. It excludes instances where the number of offenders was entirely unknown.