Background: In adults, a significant impact of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health is described. However, studies in children and adolescents are sparse, underpowered, and findings are ambiguous.Methods: Data from 759 German children and adolescents affected by thyroid disease [subclinical hypothyroidism: 331; subclinical hyperthyroidism: 276; overt hypothyroidism: 20; overt hyperthyroidism: 28; Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT): 68; thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPO)-AB positivity without apparent thyroid dysfunction: 61] and 7,293 healthy controls from a nationwide cross-sectional study (“The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents”) were available. Self-assessed HRQoL (KINDL-R) and mental health (SDQ) were compared for each subgroup with healthy controls by analysis of covariance considering questionnaire-specific confounding factors. Thyroid parameters (TSH, fT4, fT3, TPO-AB levels, thyroid volume as well as urinary iodine excretion) were correlated with KINDL-R and SDQ scores employing multiple regression, likewise accounting for confounding factors.Results: The subsample of participants affected by overt hypothyroidism evidenced impaired mental health in comparison to healthy controls, but SDQ scores were within the normal range of normative data. Moreover, in no other subgroup, HRQoL or mental health were affected by thyroid disorders. Also, there was neither a significant relationship between any single biochemical parameter of thyroid function and HRQoL or mental health, nor did the combined thyroid parameters account for a significant proportion of variance in either outcome measure. Importantly, the present study was sufficiently powered to identify even small effects in children and adolescents affected by HT, subclinical hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: In contrast to findings in adults, and especially in HT, there was no significant impairment of HRQoL or mental health in children and adolescents from the general pediatric population affected by thyroid disease. Moreover, mechanisms proposed to explain impaired mental health in thyroid dysfunction in adults do not pertain to children and adolescents in the present study.

The estimated prevalence of thyroid disorder increased in Italy from 2016 to 2021. In 2016, around 14 percent of the Italian clients of general practitioners suffered from thyroid disorders. In 2021, the prevalence of this disorder in Italy was 17.1 percent, the highest figure registered in the period under consideration. This statistic displays the prevalence of thyroid disorder in Italy from 2016 to 2021.

Thyroid Disorder Treatment Market size was valued at USD 2.29 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 3.1 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 3.9% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
Global Thyroid Disorder Treatment Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Thyroid Disorder Treatment Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Thyroid Disorder Prevalence: There is an increasing need for efficient therapies as the incidence and prevalence of thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer, continue to rise worldwide.
Developments in Diagnostic Technologies: The need for treatments is fueled by the early and accurate diagnosis of thyroid problems made possible by technological breakthroughs in diagnostic instruments including ultrasound, blood tests (TSH, T3, T4), and fine-needle aspiration biopsy methods.
Growing Awareness and Screening Programs: Government-sponsored screening programs, educational initiatives, and awareness campaigns are increasing public knowledge of thyroid problems, which will help with early diagnosis and treatment and consequently propel market expansion.
Increasing Geriatric Population: Thyroid diseases are more common in older persons due to global population aging. The market for treatments for thyroid disorders is expanding in part due to the aging population.
Environmental Factors and Lifestyle Changes: A number of factors, including exposure to environmental contaminants, dietary choices, elevated stress levels, and altered lifestyles, are linked to the increasing prevalence of thyroid problems and the need for therapy.
Technological Advances in Treatment Modalities: More effective and individualized treatment options are made possible by developments in thyroid hormone replacement therapy, radioactive iodine therapy, thyroidectomy, minimally invasive surgeries, and targeted therapies. This has led to a growth in the market.
Government Initiatives and Healthcare Reforms: Market growth is positively impacted by government initiatives to enhance the healthcare system, provide access to healthcare services, and establish reimbursement guidelines for treatments of thyroid disorders.
Growing Healthcare Expenditure: People can now afford thyroid disease treatments and diagnostic tests because to rising healthcare spending, particularly in emerging nations. This helps the market grow.
Strategic Partnerships and Collaborations: The discovery of innovative medications and treatments for thyroid problems is the driving force behind market expansion in partnerships and collaborations between pharmaceutical companies, research centers, and healthcare organizations.
Growing Need for Generic Pharmaceuticals: The market is growing in part due to the rising need, particularly in emerging nations, for affordable treatment choices like generic pharmaceuticals.

Thyroid diseases are common, and use of levothyroxine is increasing worldwide. We investigated the influence of gender, race and socioeconomic status on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter cohort study of civil servants (35-74 years of age) from six Brazilian cities. Diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was by thyrotropin (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) if TSH was altered, and the use of specific medications. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed using overt hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism and levothyroxine use as dependent variables and sociodemographic characteristics as independent variables. The frequencies of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism were 0.7 and 7.4%, respectively. Using whites as the reference ethnicity, brown, and black race were protective for overt hypothyroidism (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.64-0.89, and OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.43-0.67, respectively, and black race was associated with overt hyperthyroidism (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.06-3.11). Frequency of hypothyroidism treatment was higher in women, browns, highly educated participants and those with high net family incomes. After multivariate adjustment, levothyroxine use was associated with female gender (OR=6.06, 95%CI=3.19-11.49) and high net family income (OR=3.23, 95%CI=1.02-10.23). Frequency of hyperthyroidism treatment was higher in older than in younger individuals. Sociodemographic factors strongly influenced the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders, including the use of levothyroxine.

Snapshot img

Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment Market Forecast 2023-2027

The thyroid gland disorder treatment market size is estimated to grow by USD 8,68.87 million at a CAGR of 5.33% between 2022 and 2027. Awareness programs for thyroid treatment have a positive impact on the market growth. Governments and NGOs launch campaigns to educate people about timely diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders. The AACE launched the UP To Hear Campaign in January 2020 to advance awareness of thyroid diseases. Salt iodization programs have been implemented in Asian countries. Regular launches of such awareness programs globally drive individuals towards the efficient treatment of thyroid disorders, stimulating market growth. This market research and growth report also includes an in-depth analysis of drivers, trends, and challenges. Our report examines historic data from 2017 to 2021, besides analyzing the current market scenario.

What will be the size of the Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment Market During the Forecast Period?

To learn more about this report, Request Free Sample

The market encompasses diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for conditions such as Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. Demand for these offerings is driven by the prevalence of these diseases, with an estimated 200 million people affected worldwide (Bloom). Diagnosis of these disorders typically involves testing for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyroxine (T4), and Triiodothyronine (T3) levels (Techno). Treatment modalities include Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy (THRT) for Hypothyroidism and anti-thyroid medications like Propylthiouracil (PTU) or Methimazole for Hyperthyroidism (Diagnosis). Additionally, Thyroidectomy, a surgical procedure to remove the thyroid gland, is an option for severe cases (Techno). The market is expected to grow significantly due to increasing awareness, rising prevalence, and advancements in technology leading to improved diagnostic tools and treatment options. Ultrasound technology is a key diagnostic tool, while IoT devices and telemedicine platforms are transforming patient care and management (Ultrasound, IoT). In conclusion, the market is a growing and evolving space, with a focus on early diagnosis and effective treatment through advanced technologies and personalized care.

Market Dynamics

In the healthcare industry, the market holds significant importance due to the high prevalence of thyroid-related conditions worldwide. Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism are two common disorders that require proper diagnosis and treatment. The Aging population is a key demographic in this market as they are more susceptible to these disorders. The treatment options for these disorders include medications, surgery, and dietary modifications. Hypothyroidism is typically treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, while Hyperthyroidism can be managed with antithyroid medications or radioactive iodine therapy. Consumption of certain foods, such as iodine-rich foods, can also impact thyroid function. The market is expected to grow due to increasing awareness, rising prevalence, and advancements in technology and treatment methods. The use of novel diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans is driving the growth of this market. Additionally, the development of new medications and therapies is expected to provide significant opportunities for market expansion. In conclusion, the market is a growing sector in the healthcare industry, driven by the increasing prevalence of these disorders, advancements in technology, and the development of new treatment options. The market caters to the needs of various demographics, including the aging population, and offers a range of treatment options for Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. There are multiple factors influencing market growth. Our researchers analyzed the data with 2022 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges.

Key Market Drivers

Increasing demand for levothyroxine is a major factor driving the market growth. It is used as a replacement for a thyroid hormone, which is produced by the thyroid gland to regulate body metabolism. Considering its massive demand in the market, hypothyroidism drugs cater to the extensive patient pool, which helps the market enjoy a higher margin from this segment as compared with hyperthyroidism. Levothyroxine, with its fewer side effects and better efficacy, is considered one of the most preferred drugs to treat hypothyroidism worldwide. Also, the drug is used as an interventional drug to suppress TSH secretion in individuals with thyroid cancer. The rising availability of generic versions of levothyroxine is driving their applications in the treatment of thyroid gland disorders. Such factors are expected to drive the market during the forecast period.

Significant Market Trends

An increasing emphasis on emerging economies is an emerging trend in

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to thyroid diseases. Although still debated, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is thought to induce thyroid dysfunction in humans and rodents. The data here reported point out the contribution of the exposure window and genetic background in mediating the low-dose TCDD effects on thyroid. Indeed, early (from E0.5 to PND30) and low-dose (0,001??g/kg/day) TCDD exposure reduced the circulating fT4 and altered the expression of thyroid specific transcripts. The role of genetic components was estimated monitoring the same markers in Pax8+/- and Nkx2-1+/- mice, susceptible to thyroid dysfunction, exposed to 0, 1??g/kg/day TCDD from E15.5 to PND60. Haploinsufficiency of either Pax8 or Nkx2-1 genes exacerbated the effects of the exposure impairing the thyroid enriched mRNAs in sex dependent manner. Such effect was mediated by mechanisms involving the Nkx2-1/p53/p65/I?B? pathway in vitro and in vivo. Foetal exposure to TCDD impaired both thyroid function and genes expression while thyroid development and differentiation did not appear significantly affected. In mouse, stronger effects were related to earlier exposure or specific genetic background such as either Pax8 or Nkx2-1 haploinsufficiency, both associated to hypothyroidism in humans. Furthermore, our data underline that long exposure time are needed to model in vitro and in vivo results.

ABSTRACT Objective In this study, we aimed to describe the prevalence and distribution of positive antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) according to sex, age strata, and presence of thyroid dysfunction using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Materials and methods Thyroid hormone tests were obtained from each study participant at baseline. Levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured using a third-generation immunoenzymatic assay. Antithyroperoxidase antibodies were measured by electrochemiluminescence and were considered to be positive when ≥ 34 IU/mL. Results The prevalence of TPOAb among 13,503 study participants was 12%. Of participants with positive TPOAb, 69% were women. Almost 60% of the individuals with positive TPOAb were white. The presence of positive TPOAb was associated with the entire spectrum of thyroid diseases among women, but only with overt hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism in men. Conclusion The distribution of positive TPOAb across sex, race, age, and thyroid function in the ELSA-Brasil study is aligned with the worldwide prevalence of positive TPOAb reported in iodine-sufficient areas. In women, the presence of TPOAb was related to the entire spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, while in men, it was only related to the occurrence of overt thyroid disease.

The present study investigated the association of thyroid dysfunction (TD) with the distribution of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in untreated patients. A total of 1,012 cases of HCV-infected patients were collected from different regions, of which 209 patients demonstrated a type of TD (chronic thyroiditis complicated with hyperthyroidism, chronic thyroiditis complicated with hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or chronic thyroiditis). The results showed the existence of geographical differences in the types of TD present with HCV infection. The female patients had a higher incidence of autoimmune-related TD than the male patients. High levels of HCV RNA expression were most common in all HCV-infected patients, regardless of the presence of TD. High and medium expression levels of HCV RNA were more prevalent in the patients with autoimmune-related TD. Relative analysis of the HCV RNA levels showed that the pathogenesis of TD was not correlated with the HCV RNA expression levels; however, it may have been associated with autoimmunity. The HCV-infected patients with TD were most commonly middle-aged, whereas young adults were the largest group of patients with HCV and normal thyroid function. Among all HCV genotypes, type 1b was the most common HCV genotype and type 2 was the second most common. Types 3 and 6 were scarce in this study population. No associations were identified between HCV genotypes and thyroid disease. The data of liver function showed that HCV-infected patients with TD had a higher liver dysfunction rate compared with that of the patients with normal thyroid function. Therefore, liver dysfunction may be associated with thyroid disease. This study supports the potential of individualized treatment for HCV-infected patients.

Analysis of ‘Thyroid Disease Data Set’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/yasserhessein/thyroid-disease-data-set on 30 September 2021.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F4333519%2F89263321902c024473790afab75fe467%2FThyroid_Gland.jpg?generation=1610472950514480&alt=media" alt="">

Source:

Ross Quinlan

Data Set Information:

From Garavan Institute Documentation: as given by Ross Quinlan 6 databases from the Garavan Institute in Sydney, Australia Approximately the following for each database:

2800 training (data) instances and 972 test instances Plenty of missing data 29 or so attributes, either Boolean or continuously-valued

2 additional databases, also from Ross Quinlan, are also here

Hypothyroid.data and sick-euthyroid.data Quinlan believes that these databases have been corrupted Their format is highly similar to the other databases

1 more database of 9172 instances that cover 20 classes, and a related domain theory

Another thyroid database from Stefan Aeberhard

3 classes, 215 instances, 5 attributes No missing values

A Thyroid database suited for training ANNs

3 classes 3772 training instances, 3428 testing instances Includes cost data (donated by Peter Turney)

Attribute Information:

N/A

:Link

https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Thyroid+Disease

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The thyroid gland disorder treatment market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period (2021-2028) to reach an estimated value of USD X, XXX million by 2028 from USD 2,827 million in 2018. The growth can be attributed to factors such as the increasing number of cases and awareness about the symptoms associated with thyroid gland disorders among people across the globe. In addition, the rise in the geriatric population coupled with low levels of awareness about various treatments available for these disorders is another driver that has led to this growth.

Thyroid gland disorder treatment is a way of controlling thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid medications are used for this purpose. The patient using the medication experiences an improvement in symptoms, normalization of hormone levels and function, and no signs or symptoms to suggest any change in disease activity within six months of initiation.

On the basis of types, the market is segmented into Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is known as an overactive thyroid. It can be caused by Graves disease or other types of autoimmune diseases. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the body produces too much thyroxine (T-hormone). Excess production affects many parts of the body including the heart, liver, and muscles that are responsible for their function.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs due to an under-active thyroid gland. The symptoms of the disorder include weight gain, fatigue, and feeling depressed all the time. With increasing age, women are more prone to this disorder as compared with men. In some cases, people think that hypothyroidism can be controlled by using certain medications or by avoiding certain foods. Sometimes, people can have a thyroid disorder even without symptoms and that is known as subclinical hypothyroidism.

On the basis of application, the market is segmented into Men, Women.

Men

The thyroid gland is located in the front part of your neck. It produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, heart rate, and blood flow through the body. The Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment for men can be used to treat different health conditions that are associated with over or under-production of thyroids like hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid) or hypothyroidism (too little thyroid Thy).

Women

In Women, thyroid gland disorder is a condition that affects the production of the hormone thyroxine by the gland. This, in turn, can cause symptoms such as obesity or unexplained weight loss and tiredness. It also affects the menstrual cycle. The use of theroid Gland Disorder Treatment in Women helps to reduce the symptoms of the condition and maintain a healthy weight.

On the basis of region, the market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.

North America is estimated to be the largest market in 2017. The largest region in North America is the U.S., where there are a large number of medical centers available and an increasing awareness about thyroid disorders among people which helps in boosting the market growth.

Growth factors of the Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment Market

The growth factors of the Thyroid Gland Disorder Treatment Market are discussed below.

- Rising prevalence of thyroid disorders due to unhealthy lifestyles & increasing geriatric population base leading to growth in disease diagnosis and treatment procedures is expected to drive the market's growth during the forecast period from 2018 to 2028.

- High rate of hypothyroidism cases among women along with the presence of a large patient pool suffering from thyroid disorders is expected to drive market growth.

- Rising prevalence of Iodine deficiency and unhealthy lifestyle has led to a significant increase in cases of hypothyroidism leading up to the high number which can be attributed as major factors for the rising demand for treatments across all regions during the forecast period.

Report Scope

This statistic depicts the share of individuals suffering from thyroid disorder in Italy in 2017, by age group. According to data, the prevalence of these kinds of disorders increased proportionally with age up to 79 years. In 2017, 17.2 percent of people aged 50 to 54 years were dealing with some thyroid disfunctions.

Abstract:

Objectives: Thyroid dysfunction such as hypothyroidism (THO) and hyperthyroidism (THE) are the disease caused by pathological processes in the thyroid. The current diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction is variable because of ages and genders. The aim of this study was to explore the novel candidate biomarker panels for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism screening with mass spectrometry and bioinformatics.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 15 THE patients, 9 THO patients, and 15 healthy controls. DIA-based proteomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed to identify the novel biomarker panels for THO and THE. Finally, three candidate biomarkers were verified by ELISA in 34 samples.

Results: A total of 2738 proteins and 6103 metabolites were identified, and 173 proteins and 2487 metabolites were found to be differentially expressed among THE, THO and control groups. The results of the ensemble feature selection, K-means clustering and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model showed that four proteins (C4A, C3/C5 convertase, APOL1, and ITIH4) and four metabolites (L-arginine, L-proline, cortisol, and cortisone) identified by plasma proteomics and metabolomics could help distinguish THO and THE patients from healthy controls.

Conclusions: This study identified and verified two pairs of biomarker panels that can distinguish the THE and THO patients regardless of ages and genders. Consequently, our findings represent a comprehensive analyses of thyroid dysfunction plasma, which is significant for the clinical diagnosis.

These indicators were last released as part of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) 2013/14 release and have since been retired. The indicators previously covered in this section were: Prevalence: hypothyroidism: percent, all ages, annual, P, (P00994), Thyroid function tests in patients with hypothyroidism: percent, all ages, annual, P, (P00995). The 2013/14 annual publication and subsequent publications can be accessed via the link the ‘Resource links’ section.

Background The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is 0.5-4% in iodine-replete communities, but it is 5-10 times higher in women than in men. Those conditions are associated with a broad range of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Biological evidence of a role of thyroid hormones in carcinogenesis also exists. However, the association between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease or cancer mortality risk remains controversial. In a large cohort of women, the associations of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism with cause-specific mortality were evaluated after nearly 30 years of follow-up. Methods The prospective study included 75,076 women aged 20-89 years who were certified as radiologic technologists in the United States in 1926-1982, completed baseline questionnaires in 1983-1998 from which medical history was ascertained, and reported no malignant disease or benign thyroid disease except thyroid dysfunction. A passive follow-up of this cohort was performed through the Social Security Administration database and the National Death Index-Plus. Cause-specific mortality risks were compared according to self-reported thyroid status, with proportional hazards models adjusted for baseline year and age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, family history of breast cancer, and life-style and reproductive factors. Results During a median follow-up of 28 years, 2609 cancer, 1789 cardiovascular or cerebrovascular, and 2442 other non-cancer deaths were recorded. Women with hyperthyroidism had an elevated risk of breast cancer mortality after 60 years of age (hazard ratio [HR]?=?2.04 [confidence interval (CI) 1.16-3.60], 13 cases in hyperthyroid women) compared to women without thyroid disease. Hypothyroid women had increased mortality risks for diabetes mellitus (HR?=?1.58 [CI 1.03-2.41], 27 cases in hypothyroid women), cardiovascular disease (HR?=?1.20 [CI 1.01-1.42], 179 cases), and cerebrovascular disease (HR?=?1.45 [CI 1.01-2.08], 35 cases, when restricting the follow-up to ?10 years after baseline). Other causes of death were not associated with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, though there was a suggestion of an elevated risk of ovarian cancer mortality in hyperthyroid women based on very few cases. Conclusion The excess mortality risks observed in a large, prospective 30-year follow-up of patients with thyroid dysfunction require confirmation, and, if replicated, further investigation will be needed because of the clinical implications.

To date, the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD)-induced cognitive impairments still remains elusive.Cognitive performances were examined in 215 participants, including 54 healthy participants, 52 SIVD patients with no dementia (SIVDND), 55 patients with mild cognitive impairment (SVMCI), and 54 patients with vascular dementia (VD). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin antibody (TGA), and antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Abs) were quantified by radioimmunoassay or ELISA.A close correlation between thyroid status and cognitive dysfunction in SIVD was observed. Serum TT3 and FT3 levels decreased, whereas serum TSH level increased, with the decline in cognitive functions. Furthermore, TT3 levels showed a positive correlation, whereas TSH level showed a negative correlation, with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Our results suggested that thyroid function was associated with cognitive impairments induced by SIVD. Also, thyroid function and thyroid hormone level could be a risk factor in the development of SIVD. Serum TT3 and TSH levels might also be used as biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction.These findings might contribute to a more accurate clinical diagnosis and differentiation among normal controls, SIVDND, SVMCI, and VD patients, in order to develop appropriate intervention approaches for SIVD therapeutic treatment.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Pooja Das

Contents

10 separate databases from Garavan Institute

this dataset content 10 raw and 30 featurs

This dataset captures various attributes related to thyroid conditions for medical diagnosis. It includes demographic information such as age and sex. Medical history features encompass intake of thyroxine, antithyroid medications, and past surgeries. Patients' current health status regarding sickness, pregnancy, presence of goiter, tumor, or hypopituitary conditions is recorded. Additionally, it notes whether patients suspect hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Laboratory results like TSH, T3, TT4, T4U, and FTI levels are included if measured. Binary classification denotes the presence or absence of hyperthyroidism. Referral sources are indicated as well.